Token-based scheduling for access guarantee in deregulated electricity markets’ smart grids

Figures & data

Figure 1. Interaction between utility company and individual residences.

Figure 2. Interaction between utility company and communities.

Figure 3. Interactions among multiple utilities and communities in a deregulated market.

Table 1. Simulation parameters

Values	Washer	Dryer	Heater
$c_n$	1.8	3.4	5.0
$d_n$	6	4	2
${\mathit{\varphi }}_a$	0.1	0.25	0.4
$min{\mathit{\lambda }}_n$	0.01	0.0392	0.0952
$max{\mathit{\lambda }}_n$	0.0704	0.1193	0.2078
${\mathit{\mu }}_i$	0.283	0.632	0.865

Figure 4. Maximum power capacity constraint.

Figure 5. Individual consumptions at various hours.

Figure 6. Price responsiveness of consumers at various hours.

Figure 7. Access to shared maximum power capacity for all consumers with token-based algorithm.

Figure 8. Actual cost vs. optimal cost.

Figure 9. Frequency of connected loads at different hours.

Figure 10. Daily deferred loads.

Figure 11. Frequency of deferred loads at various hours.

Figure 12. Access to token by various consumers.

Figure 13. Total consumed power by all consumers at various hours.

Figure 14. Access to shared capacity with random-backoff based algorithm.

Figure 15. Access to shared capacity with guaranteed minimum power capacity for each consumer using random back-off algorithm.