https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-7152
Figures & data
Figure 1. The hybrid-source power system model (Sahu et al., Citation2016) represented by transfer functions.
Figure 2. Structure of cascaded PD-Fuzzy-PID controller.
Figure 3. Triangular membership functions for the fuzzy controller.
Table 1. Fuzzy Rule-base of fuzzy inference system
Figure 4. Convergence behaviour of different optimization techniques.
Figure 5. Deviation of frequency in Aea 1 and Area 2 without any controller.
Table 2. Scaling parameters of different controllers with AC link only
Figure 6(a). Deviation of frequency in area 1 due to 1% SLP in area 1 with AC line only.
Figure 6(b). Deviation of frequency in area 2 due to 1% SLP in area 1 with AC line only.
Figure 6(c). Deviation of tie-line power due to 1% SLP in area 1 with AC line only.
Table 3. Settling time, peak overshoots and undershoots of the response considering AC tie-lines only
Figure 7(a). Bar plot of settling time with AC tie-line only.
Figure 7(b). Bar plot of peak overshoot with AC tie-line only.
Figure 7(c). Bar plot of peak undershoot with AC tie-line only.
Table 4. Percentage improvement in settling time, peak overshoots and under shoots with AC tie-lines only
Figure 8. Block diagram of two area system connected by HVAC and HVDC tie-line.
Table 5. Scaling parameters of different controllers with HVDC link
Figure 9(a). Deviation of frequency in area 1 due to 1% SLP in area 1 with AC-DC tie-lines.
Figure 9(b). Deviation of frequency in area 2 due to 1% SLP in area 1 with AC-DC tie-lines.
Figure 9(c). Deviation of tie-line power due to 1% SLP in area 1 with AC-DC tie-lines.
Table 6. Settling time, peak overshoots and undershoots of the response considering AC-DC tie-line
Table 7. Percentage improvement in settling time, peak overshoots and undershoots with HVDC link
Figure 10. Deviation of frequency in area 1 due to change of SLP in area 1 with Ac tie-line only.
Figure 11. Deviation of frequency of area 1 due to parameter variations with Ac tie-line only.
Table 8. Variations of settling time, peak overshoots and undershoots due to parameter variations
Figure 12(a). Random loading pattern for area 1 considering AC tie-line only.
Figure 12(b). Deviation of frequency of area 1 due to random loading.
Figure 12(c). Deviation of frequency of area 2 due to random loading.
Figure 12(d). Deviation of tie-line power due to random loading.
Table 9. The value of various performance indices
Figure 13(a). Connection of UPFC in a two area system.
Figure 13(b). Deviation of frequency of area 1 with UPFC and AC tie-line.
Figure 13(c). Deviation of frequency of area 1 with UPFC and AC-DC tie-line.
