https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1948-6672
Figures & data
Figure 1. Concept engine at compressed state.
Figure 2. Concept engine at compressed and expanded states.
Table 1. Concept engine geometry
Figure 3. Pressure volume diagram for Atkinson cycle.
Table 2. Combustion chamber and compressor specifications
Table 3. Injection characteristics
Figure 4. Droplet drag over increasing temperatures and Reynolds numbers.
Figure 5. Average droplet diameter vs. axial distance.
Figure 6. Fuel injection shape.
Figure 7. Temperatures for compression, combustion, and expansion for changing compression ratios.
Figure 8. Thermal efficiency of system for changing compression ratios.
Table 4. Values for work, HP and thermal efficiency for changing compression ratio and Φ
Figure 9. Spray angle vs. density ratio.
Figure 10. Injection penetration over changing injector diameters.
Figure 11. Oxygen O· over time at Φ = 0.7.
Figure 12. Molecular oxygen O2 over time at Φ = 0.7.
Figure 13. Nitric oxide emissions over time at Φ = 0.7.
Table 5. KIVA-3 input values
Figure 14. Pressure-volume diagram for concept engine at 10:1 compression ratio.
Figure 15. Pressure-volume diagram for concept engine at 14:1 compression ratio.
Figure 16. Thermal efficiency over increasing stroke length and compression ratio with compression losses.
Figure 17. Fuel concentration for a 10:1 compression ratio.
Figure 18. Fuel concentration for a 14:1 compression ratio.
Figure 19. NO concentration validation between KIVA-3 and MATLAB.
Figure 20. Oxygen concentration validation between KIVA-3 and MATLAB.
Figure 21. NO emission concentrations for a 10:1 compression ratio.
Figure 22. CO2 emission concentrations for a 10:1 compression ratio.
Figure 23. CO emission concentrations for a 10:1 compression ratio.
Figure 24. NO emission concentrations for a 14:1 compression ratio.
Figure 25. CO2 Emission concentrations for a 14:1 compression ratio.
Figure 26. CO emission concentrations for a 14:1 compression ratio.
