Radiation dose assessment of soil from Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria

Figures & data

Figure 1. Geological map of Ijero Ekiti (Modified after Ale, Dada, & Adewumi, 2014)

Table 1. Measured radioactivity concentration

Activity	238U	232Th	40K
K1	107.42 ± 17.07	31.34 ± 6.76	311.47 ± 3.51
K2	106.99 ± 11.52	23.81 ± 6.76	364.25 ± 3.88
K3	99.38 ± 14.18	36.33 ± 5.01	411.83 ± 3.96
K4	83.64 ± 8.76	17.48 ± 5.66	327.73 ± 3.41
K5	224.96 ± 16.92	14.69 ± 0.35	506.39 ± 4.98
K6	150.06 ± 10.46	21.19 ± 0.20	369.34 ± 3.50
K7	118.85 ± 17.46	44.88 ± 4.05	586.65 ± 5.32
K8	133.12 ± 8.55	8.70 ± 0.23	762.70 ± 6.89
Mean	128.05 ± 13.12	24.80 ± 3.63	455.05 ± 4.43
S1	28.90 ± 7.70	36.43 ± 3.55	539.75 ± 4.88
S2	43.15 ± 7.30	90.76 ± 3.18	495.73 ± 4.46
S3	30.51 ± 2.79	41.18 ± 3.24	517.17 ± 4.66
S4	43.18 ± 6.08	54.03 ± 3.39	606.64 ± 5.44
S5	24.89 ± 3.42	40.28 ± 2.98	338.47 ± 3.12
S6	89.14 ± 4.73	10.88 ± 0.23	1500.67 ± 13.28
S7	29.86 ± 8.78	59.47 ± 3.17	371.28 ± 3.41
S8	33.59 ± 3.85	32.86 ± 2.88	485.05 ± 4.36
S9	64.59 ± 7.20	30.66 ± 4.13	974.41 ± 8.67
S10	32.43 ± 7.52	36.14 ± 3.55	524.89 ± 4.75
Mean	42.02 ± 5.94	43.27 ± 3.03	635.41 ± 5.70

K1–K8 mining sites and S1–S10 living area.

Table 2. Comparison of the measured activities with other similar studies

^238U (Bqkg^−1)	^232Th(Bqkg^−1)	^40K(Bqkg^−1)	Country	Reference
128.05	24.8	455.05	Nigeria (Ijero Mining Area)	Present study
42.02	43.27	635.41	Nigeria (Ijero Town)	Present study
13.6	24.2	162.1	Ghana	Faanu, Darko, and Ephraim (2011)
51.5	48.1	114.7	Australia	Berekta and Mathew (1985)
78	33	337	Egypt	El Afifi et al. (2006)
41	27	422	Algeria	Amrani and Tahtat (2001)
55.3	26.4	505.5	Nigeria	Ademola et al. (2014)
12.1	60.1	426.5	Nigeria	Innocent, Onimisi, and Jonah (2013)
35	30	420	World average	UNSCEAR (2000)

Figure 2. Mean activities in mining area

Figure 3. Mean activities in living area

Table 3. Estimated radiological parameters

Location	DR	AEDE	Hin	Iɣ	ELCR
K1	78.79	0.10	0.77	1.24	0.34
K2	76.18	0.09	0.75	1.19	0.33
K3	82.78	0.10	0.76	1.30	0.36
K4	60.70	0.07	0.591	0.95	0.26
K5	126.98	0.16	1.38	1.98	0.54
K6	93.16	0.11	0.97	1.46	0.40
K7	103.94	0.13	0.94	1.63	0.45
K8	95.06	0.12	0.91	1.48	0.41
Mean	89.70	0.11	0.88	1.41	0.38
Living area
S1	58.25	0.07	0.41	0.92	0.25
S2	96.29	0.12	0.69	1.53	0.41
S3	60.92	0.07	0.43	0.96	0.26
S4	78.18	0.10	0.57	1.23	0.34
S5	50.28	0.06	0.36	0.79	0.22
S6	109.37	0.13	0.84	1.70	0.47
S7	65.77	0.08	0.47	1.04	0.28
S8	55.67	0.07	0.41	0.88	0.24
S9	88.58	0.11	0.67	1.39	0.38
S10	58.93	0.072	0.42	0.93	0.25
Mean	72.22	0.089	0.53	1.14	0.31

D_R, absorbed dose rate; AEDE, annual effective dose equivalent; H_in, internal hazard index; I_ɣ, gamma representative index; ELCR, excess lifetime cancer risk.

Figure 4. Correlation of radium equivalent with dose rate in mining area

Figure 5. Correlation of radium equivalent with dose rate in living area

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