Adult listening behaviour, music preferences and emotions in the mobile context. Does mobile context affect elicited emotions?

Figures & data

Figure 1. Sketch of the architecture used to collect users’ data

Figure 2. Mobile application screenshot showing a questionnaire about user data

Table 1. Characteristics of the participants

Variables	n	%
Gender
Female	176	53.7
Male	152	46.3
Age
8-18	116	35.4
19-22	88	26.8
22-77	124	37.8
Employment
Student	292	89.0
Worker	11	3.4
Professional	4	1.2
Retired	4	1.2
Unemployed	10	3.0
Other	7	2.1
Where
Home	218	66.5
Outdoor	61	18.6
Disco	5	1.5
Other	44	13.4
Time
Seven	137	41.8
Two	117	35.6
One	74	22.6
How
Music-only	112	34.1
Work-Study	48	14.6
Manual work	46	14.0
Physical activity	56	17.1
Other	66	20.1
Musical Genre (What)
Classical	11	3.4
Pop	105	32.0
Rock	40	12.2
Jazz	4	1.2
Rap - Hip Hop	67	20.4
Other	101	30.8

Table 2. Music tracks from which excerpts were selected (from www.musopen.org)

Id	ID	Author	Title
1	9	W. A. Mozart	Piano Concerto no. 10 in E flat major K. 365/316a.I.Allegro
2	10	W. A. Mozart	Piano Concerto no. 14 in E flat major K. 449—Complete Performance
3	11	W. A. Mozart	Clarinet Concerto in A major K. 622—I. Allegro
4	13	W. A. Mozart	Horn Concerto no. 1 in D major K. 412 514—I. Allegro (horn violin cello and piano arr.)
5	14	W. A. Mozart	Mozart—Concerto No.6 in B flat major—III. Rondo allegro
6	15	L. Van Beethoven	Wind Octet in E flat major, Op.103—III. Menuetto
7	16	W. A. Mozart	Violin Sonata no. 26 in Bb, K. 378
8	17	L. Van Beethoven	Piano Concerto No.3, Op.37—I. Allegro con brio
9	18	L. Van Beethoven	Violin Concerto in D, Op. 61—I. Allegro ma non troppo
10	19	L. Van Beethoven	Leonore Overture no. 1, Op. 138
11	20	L. Van Beethoven	Quartet No. 6 in B Flat Major, Op. 18, No. 6—II. Adagio ma non troppo
12	21	W. A. Mozart	Overture to The Magic Flute, K. 620
13	22	W. A. Mozart	Don Giovanni, K. 527—Overture
14	23	W. A. Mozart	String Quartet No. 15 In D Minor, K 421—IV. Allegro Ma Non Troppo
15	24	W. A. Mozart	02 Violin Sonata in G Major
16	25	L. Van Beethoven	Sextet in E flat major, Op. 81b
17	26	L. Van Beethoven	Variations in F major, Op. 34
18	27	L. Van Beethoven	Variations on Bei Männern, welche Liebe fühlen
19	28	L. Van Beethoven	Allegretto for Piano Trio
20	29	L. Van Beethoven	Symphony No. 3 in E Flat Major Eroica, Op. 55—III. Scherzo Allegro vivace
21	30	F. Lizst	Transcendental Etudes, S. 139–8. Wilde Jagd
22	31	F. Lizst	La notte, S. 112/2
23	32	F. Lizst	Mephisto Polka
24	33	F. Lizst	Hungarian Rhapsody no. 9 Carnival in Pest, S. 244/9
25	34	F. Lizst	Valse no.1 from Valses oubliées, S. 215
26	35	F. Lizst	Neal O Doan—Totentanz
27	36	F. Lizst	Tristan und Isolde—Liebestod, S.447
28	37	F. Lizst	Widmung, no. 1 from Myrthen, S. 566
29	38	F. Lizst	Années de pèlerinage I, S.160—Complete Performance
30	39	F. Lizst	Liebesträume, S. 541
31	40	A. Vivaldi	Concerto for 2 Cellos in G minor, Viva
32	41	A. Vivaldi	Concerto for 2 Violins in A minor, RV 522—I. Allegro
33	42	A. Vivaldi	Concerto in C major Op.8 No.12—I. Allegro II. Largo III. Allegro
34	43	A. Vivaldi	Vivaldi—Cello Sonata 5 (I) Largo
35	44	A. Vivaldi	Vivaldi—Cello Sonata 5 (IV) Allegro
36	45	A. Vivaldi	The Four Seasons, Violin Concerto in E major, RV 269 Spring—I. Allegro
37	46	A. Vivaldi	Concerto for 2 Flutes in C major, RV 533—Largo
38	47	A. Vivaldi	Concerto for 2 Flutes in C major, RV 533—Allegro molto
39	48	A. Vivaldi	Concert n.8 op.3 in Amin for 2 violins and orchestra, Allegro
40	49	A. Vivaldi	Concerto for 2 Trumpets in C major, RV. 537 (Rondeau arr.)—I. Allegro
41	50	S. Rachmaninov	Prelude no.4 from Op.23
42	51	S. Rachmaninov	Piano Concerto no. 3, Op. 30—I. Allegro ma non tanto
43	52	F. Shubert	Fantasy in C Major Op.15 D.760 Wanderer—I. Allegro con fuoco
44	53	F. Shubert	Octet in F major, D. 803
45	54	F. Shubert	Quartetsatz
46	55	S. Rachmaninov	Piano Concerto no. 3, Op. 30—III. Finale: Alla breve
47	56	F. Shubert	Piano Sonata no. 4 in Am, D. 537—III. Allegro vivace
48	57	S. Rachmaninov	Études Tableaux, Op. 33—VI. Allegro con fouco
49	58	S. Rachmaninov	Moment musicaux in E flat minor Op.16 no. 2 Live
50	59	F. Shubert	Violin Sonata in A, D. 574 II. Scherzo
51	60	F. Shubert	Symphony no. 8 in C major the Great, D. 944—I. Andante, allegro ma non troppo
52	61	F. Shubert	Piano Trio no. 1 in B flat major, D. 898—Rondo. Allegro vivace
53	62	F. Shubert	Marche militaire in D, D. 733 no. 1 (2 hands version)
54	63	F. Shubert	Impromptu no. 4 in F minor, D. 935
55	64	F. Shubert	Six Musical Moments, D. 780—III. Allegro moderato [F# concert arr. by Leopold Godowsky]
56	65	S. Rachmaninov	Piano Sonata no. 2, Op. 36 [Second version]
57	66	J. S. Bach	Toccata in G minor, BWV 915
58	67	J. S. Bach	Prelude and Fugue in G minor, BWV 535 (Piano version)
59	68	J. S. Bach	Concerto for 3 Harpsichords in D minor, BWV 1063—III. Allegro
60	69	J. S. Bach	Harpsichord Concerto no. 2 in E, BWV 1053
61	70	J. S. Bach	Invention in Am, BWV 784
62	71	S. Rachmaninov	Symphony no. 2, Op. 27—I. Largo—Allegro moderato
63	72	J. S. Bach	6 Little Preludes, BWV 933–938 I. Prelude in C major, BWV 933
64	73	J. S. Bach	Toccata in E minor, BWV 914
65	74	J. S. Bach	Chaccone from BWV 1004 (piano arr.)
66	75	S. Rachmaninov	Symphony no. 2, Op. 27—III. Adagio
67	76	S. Rachmaninov	Symphony no. 2, Op. 27—IV. Allegro vivace
68	77	S. Rachmaninov	Rachmaninoff—Symphonic Dances, Op. 45
69	78	J. S. Bach	Blessed is the man, BWV 57–7. Aria (For Trumpet and Organ—Rondeau)
70	79	J. S. Bach	Gott fähret auf mit Jauchzen, BWV 43–7. Aria (For Trumpet and Organ—Rondeau)
71	80	M. Ravel	Adagio from Piano Concerto in G [piano solo arr.]
72	81	M. Ravel	Menuet sur le nom de Haydn
73	82	M. Ravel	Miroirs—III. Une barque sur l ocean
74	83	M. Ravel	Jeux d eau
75	84	M. Ravel	String Quartet in F major—I. Allegro moderato
76	85	M. Ravel	Pavane de la belle au bois dormant
77	86	M. Ravel	Laideronnette, imperatrice des pagodes
78	87	M. Ravel	Le jardin féerique
79	88	P. I. Tchaicovsky	Swan Lake Op.20—Act II Pt.1
80	89	P. I. Tchaicovsky	Swan Lake Op.20—Act II Conclusion
81	90	P. I. Tchaicovsky	The Nutcracker Suite—Act I, No.1. Overture
82	91	P. I. Tchaicovsky	The Nutcracker Suite—Act I, No.2. March
83	92	P. I. Tchaicovsky	The Nutcracker Suite—Act I, No.3. Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy
84	93	P. I. Tchaicovsky	The Nutcracker Suite—Act I, No.4. Russian Dance
85	94	P. I. Tchaicovsky	The Nutcracker Suite—Act I, No.8. Waltz of the Flowers
86	95	P. I. Tchaicovsky	Nutcracker Suite—Act II, No.12. Pas de Deux variations
87	96	P. I. Tchaicovsky	The Nutcracker Suite—Act II, No.15. Final Waltz and Apotheosis
88	97	P. I. Tchaicovsky	Romeo and Juliet (Overture-Fantasia)
89	98	S. Prokofiev	Prokofiev Piano Concerto no. 1, Op. 10—I. Allegro brioso
90	99	S. Prokofiev	Prokofiev Piano Concerto no. 1, Op. 10—II. Andante assai
91	100	S. Prokofiev	Prokofiev Piano Concerto no. 1, Op. 10—III. Allegro scherzando
92	101	S. Prokofiev	Prokofiev Piano Sonata no. 3, Op. 28
93	102	S. Prokofiev	Prokofiev Piano sonata no.7, Op.83 I. Allegro inquieto—Andantino
94	103	S. Prokofiev	Prokofiev Piano sonata no.7, Op.83 II. Andante caloroso
95	104	S. Prokofiev	Prokofiev Piano sonata no.7, Op.83 III. Precipitato
96	105	S. Prokofiev	Prokofiev Sonata No. 5 in C Major, Op. 38–135—Un poco allegretto
97	106	M. Ravel	Pavane for a Dead Princess
98	107	M. Ravel	Le tombeau de Couperin—Complete piece
99	108	S. Prokofiev	Sonata No. 5 in C Major, Op. 38–135—Allegro tranquillo
100	109	S. Prokofiev	Sonata No. 5 in C Major, Op. 38–135—Andantino

Figure 3. SAM scale on a nine-point scale to assess for pleasure, arousal and dominance

Figure 4. Mobile application screenshot showing a questionnaire about emotion-related music evaluation with SAM scales

Figure 5. Means of each dimension of the SAM for each track with stacked line chart

Table 3. Subset of the audio excerpts with users’ evaluations and their musical attributes (musical mode and tempo)

Music Excerpt From	Mode	Tempo (bpm)	Mean Pleasure	Standard Deviation Pleasure	Mean Frenzy	Standard Deviation Frenzy	Mean Dominance	Standard Deviation Dominance
S. Rachmaninov—Symphony no. 2, Op. 27	Minor	90	2.84	1.64	2.58	2.09	3.89	2.18
L. Van Beethoven—Variation 4 on Bei Männern	Minor	90	2.86	1.69	3.21	2.36	4.39	2.53
F. Lizst—La notte, S. 112/2	Minor	66	3.12	1.7	5.08	2.43	3.42	2.10
M. Ravel—Le jardin féerique	Major	54	3.27	2.18	2.48	1.64	3.97	2.10
F. Lizst—Neal O Doan—Totentanz	Minor	90	3.36	1.89	6.05	2.63	4.14	2.53
A. Vivald—Vivaldi—Cello Sonata 5	Minor	90	3.53	1.67	3.76	1.74	4.50	1.94
S. Prokofiev—Prokofiev Piano sonata no.7	Minor	66	3.56	1.89	2.63	1.47	3.81	2.02
M. Ravel—Pavane de la belle au bois dormant	Minor	110	3.84	2.19	2.88	1.81	4.56	1.96
S. Rachmaninov—Symphony no. 2, Op. 27	Minor	74	5.15	2.11	2.95	1.57	4.15	1.90
S. Rachmaninov—Symphonic Dances, Op. 45	Minor	117	5.5	1.43	6.60	2.04	5.95	2.65
W. A. Mozart—Clarinet Concerto in A major K. 622	Major	130	7.12	1.87	5.00	2.21	5.82	2.16
P. I. Tchaicovsky—The Nutcracker Suite	Major	160	7.13	2.16	6.13	2.68	7.19	1.68
A. Vivaldi—The Fourour Seasons	Major	100	7.23	1.6	5.23	2.00	6.23	1.80
P. I. Tchaicovsky—The Nutcracker Suite	Major	125	7.73	1.51	5.94	2.55	7.06	1.95

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at http: www.mysql.com