Musculoskeletal pain among bakery workers in Lebanon: a national survey

Figures & data

Table 1. Description of demographics, occupational activities and perceptions of bakery workers in Lebanon (N = 504)

	N	%
Demographics
Age
≤ 18	10	2.0
19 to 30	128	25.4
31 to 40	139	27.6
41 to 50	118	23.4
51 to 60	62	12.3
> 60	40	7.9
No answer	7	1.4
Mean	39.78
Gender
Male	434	86.1
Female	70	13.9
Marital Status
Married/Engaged	362	71.8
Single/Widowed/Divorced	142	28.2
Education
Primary level or below	185	36.7
Intermediate level	157	31.2
Secondary level or University	162	32.1
Worker perception of his/her economic status
Not good	408	81.0
Good	88	17.5
Missing	8	1.6
Pain and health perceptions
Upper Musculoskeletal Pain
No	390	77.4
Yes	114	22.6
Somatization
No symptoms	393	78.0
One symptom	55	10.9
Two or more symptoms	56	11.1
Self-reported health
Good	421	83.5
Poor	83	16.5
Worker believes work environment negatively affects his/her health
No	336	66.7
Yes	168	33.3
Occupational activities
Worker works with hands above shoulder height for longer than one hour in total
No	411	81.5
Yes	90	17.9
No answer	3	0.6
Worker involved in tasks that require repeated movements of the wrist or fingers for more than four hours in total
No	54	10.7
Yes	447	88.7
No answer	3	0.6
Worker has another job
No	457	90.7
Yes	47	9.3
Work under pressure to complete tasks by a fixed time
No	304	60.3
Yes	192	38.1
No answer	8	1.6

Table 2. Association of upper musculoskeletal pain with work-related factors among bakery workers in Lebanon (N = 504)

	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	OR (95% CI)	p-Value	OR (95% CI)	p-Value
Age	1.02 (1.00–1.04)	0.019	1.02 (0.99–1.04)	0.058
Gender
Male	1		1
Female	1.57 (0.90–2.75)	0.114	1.17 (0.60–2.30)	0.644
Worker works with hands above shoulder height for longer than one hour in total
No	1		1
Yes	2.71 (1.66–4.44)	0.000	2.48 (1.44–4.29)	0.001
Worker involved in tasks that require repeated movements of the wrist or fingers for more than four hours in total
No	1		1
Yes	2.09 (0.92–4.76)	0.080	3.00 (1.17–7.71)	0.023
Worker’s self-reported health
Good	1		1
Poor	4.09 (2.49–6.73)	0.000	2.08 (1.12–3.87)	0.021
Worker believes work environment negatively affects his/her health
No	1		1
Yes	2.90 (1.89–4.46)	0.000	2.04 (1.26–3.33)	0.004
Somatization	1.68 (1.40–2.03)	0.000	1.51 (1.22–1.86)	0.000
Worker has another job
No	1		1
Yes	1.70 (0.88–3.26)	0.113	2.76 (1.31–5.79)	0.007