Assessment of biofuels production in Colombia

Figures & data

Figure 1. Energy trilemma for biofuels. Source: Authors’ own

Table 1. Production of bioethanol in Colombia in the last eight years. Source: (Federación Nacional de Biocombustibles de Colombia, 2017a)

Indicator	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Harvested Area (ha)	5,664	208,254	218,311	223,905	227,748	225,560	230,303	232,070	238,204
Ethanol Production (millions of liters)	55,8	327,7	291,28	337,39	369,72	387,85	406,46	456,4	434,43

Table 2. Bioethanol plants in Colombia. Source: (Federación Nacional de Biocombustibles de Colombia, 2017a)

Ethanol Plants (State)	Capacity (l/day)
Incauca (Cauca)	350,000
Riopaila-Castilla (Valle del Cauca)	400,000
Ingenio Risaralda (Risaralda)	100,000
Caldas (Caldas)	No information
Bioeneergy (Meta)	320,000
Ingenio Providencia (Valle del Cauca)	300,000
Ingenio Mayaguez (Valle del Cauca)	250,000
Ingenio Manuelita (Valle del Cauca)	250,000
Total	1,970,000

Figure 2. Average yield of sugarcane in some countries. Source: (Ministry of mines and energy & inter-American development bank, 2010)

Figure 3. Ethanol prices in the past seven years. Source: (Federación Nacional de Biocombustibles de Colombia, 2017c)

Table 3. Annual production of biodiesel in Colombia since 2008. Source: (Federación Nacional de Biocombustibles de Colombia, 2017b)

Indicator	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Harvested Area (ha)	337,038	360,620	404,104	427,368	452,435	446,376	450,131	466,185	512,076
Biodiesel Production (millions of liters)	22,730	163,077	337,713	443,037	489,990	503,337	518,093	513,354	447,768

Table 4. Biodiesel plants in Colombia. Source: (Federación Nacional de Biocombustibles de Colombia, 2017b)

Biodiesel Plants (City)	Capacity (T/day)
Norte (Santa Marta)	170,000
Norte (Codazzi)	60,000
Norte (Barranquilla)	10,000
Norte (Galapa)	10,000
Norte (Santa Marta)	36,000
Oriental (Facatativa)	200,000
Oriental (Barrancabermeja)	120,000
Oriental (San Carlos de Guaroa)	120,000
Oriental (Castilla La Grande)	15,000
Oriental (San Carlos de Guaroa)	70,000
Central (Barrancabermeja)	40,000
Norte (Santa Marta)	70,000
Total	921,000

Table 5. Number of jobs related to the production of bioethanol. Source: (Federación Nacional de Biocombustibles de Colombia, 2017a)

State	Direct jobs	Indirect jobs
Cauca	987	27,636
Valle del Cauca	2,121	59,389
Risaralda	476	13,328
Total	3,584	100,353

Figure 4. Average yield of oil palm production. Source: (Ministry of Mines and Energy & Inter-American Development Bank, 2010)

Figure 5. Biodiesel prices in the past seven years. Source: (Federación Nacional de Biocombustibles de Colombia, 2017d)

Table 6. Number of jobs related to the production of biodiesel. Source: (Federación Nacional de Biocombustibles de Colombia, 2017b)

State	Direct jobs	Indirect jobs
Meta	9,268	18,537
Magdalena	5,681	11,362
Santander	5,512	11,024
Cesar	2,506	5,013
Cundinamarca	5,259	10,517
Atlántico	836	1,670
Total	29,062	58,123

Table 7. Classification of stakeholders by different authors. Source: Authors’ own

Stakeholders	Authors
Biofuel suppliers	Darshini et al., 2013; Elghali et al., 2007; Mayfield et al., 2007.
Biofuel producers	Elghali et al., 2007; Darshini et al., 2013; Chanthawong & Dhakal, 2016; Kumar et al., 2006; Mayfield et al., 2007.
Researchers	Mayfield et al., 2007; Puy et al., 2008; Woods et al., 2006; Darshini et al., 2013.
Society & consumers	Kumar et al., 2006; Mayfield et al., 2007; Elghali et al., 2007a.
Government	Puy et al., 2008; Woods et al., 2006.

Figure 6. Biofuel supply chain with external stakeholders. Source: (Schillo et al., 2017)

Figure 7. Most important motivators to take part in biofuels projects. Source: Authors’ own

Figure 8. Framework of biofuel production in Colombia. Source: Authors´ own

Figure 9. Strengths and weaknesses: stakeholders’ perceptions. Source: Author s’ own

Federación Nacional de Biocombustibles de Colombia. (2017a). Información estadística alcohol carburante. http://www.fedebiocombustibles.com/v3/estadistica-mostrar_info-titulo-Alcohol_Carburante_(Etanol).htm

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