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Cogent Engineering Volume 7, 2020 - Issue 1
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ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

Sensitivity analysis of a single phase to ground fault system in connection with high impedance faults: A case study

Perumal Velmurugan1 Electrical and Electronics Engineering, TWINVEY Electric Consultancy, Academic city, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesCorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
&
Adhir Baran Chattopadhayay2 Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BITS-Pilani, Dubai Campus, Academic city, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesView further author information
|
N. Prabaharan3 Shanmugha Arts Science Technology and Research Academy, IndiaView further author information
(Reviewing editor)
Article: 1770916 | Received 01 Apr 2020, Accepted 11 May 2020, Published online: 16 Jun 2020

Figures & data

Table 1. Real system data

Figure 1. Single-line diagram.

Figure 1. Single-line diagram.

Figure 2. Wooden pole overhead line & pole mounted (11/0.4 kV) DT distribution transformer in desert region.

Figure 2. Wooden pole overhead line & pole mounted (11/0.4 kV) DT distribution transformer in desert region.

Figure 3. Representation of neutral current and voltage.

Figure 3. Representation of neutral current and voltage.

Figure 4. Flowchart for sensitivity analysis of high impedance ground fault.

Figure 4. Flowchart for sensitivity analysis of high impedance ground fault.

Figure 5. Simplified single-line diagram.

Figure 5. Simplified single-line diagram.

Table 2. Sequence impedance data of the real system

Figure 6. Magnitude of calculated fault current (Ifa) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different “Zn”. Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table ).

Figure 6. Magnitude of calculated fault current (Ifa) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different “Zn”. Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table 3).

Table 3. Calculated fault currents for different neutral earthing and fault impedances

Figure 7. Recorded voltage and current waveforms for case—1. (Field-measured values are in Table ).

Figure 7. Recorded voltage and current waveforms for case—1. (Field-measured values are in Table 4).

Figure 8. Recorded voltage and current waveforms for case—2. (Field-measured values are in Table ).

Figure 8. Recorded voltage and current waveforms for case—2. (Field-measured values are in Table 4).

Figure 9. Recorded voltage and current waveforms for case—3. (Field-measured values are in Table ).

Figure 9. Recorded voltage and current waveforms for case—3. (Field-measured values are in Table 4).

Table 4. Field measured values for case—1, 2 and 3

Figure 10. Magnitude of the line voltage (Vb) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different Zn values. Graph is drawn omitting “θ”.

Figure 10. Magnitude of the line voltage (Vb) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different Zn values. Graph is drawn omitting “θ”.

Figure 11. Magnitude of the line voltage (Vc) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different Zn values. Graph is drawn omitting “θ”.

Figure 11. Magnitude of the line voltage (Vc) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different Zn values. Graph is drawn omitting “θ”.

Figure 12. Magnitude of the MV bus voltage (VA) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different “Zn” values. Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table ).

Figure 12. Magnitude of the MV bus voltage (VA) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different “Zn” values. Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table 5).

Figure 13. Magnitude of the MV bus voltage (VB) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different “Zn” values. Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table ).

Figure 13. Magnitude of the MV bus voltage (VB) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different “Zn” values. Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table 6).

Figure 14. Magnitude of the MV bus voltage (VC) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different “Zn” values. Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table ).

Figure 14. Magnitude of the MV bus voltage (VC) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different “Zn” values. Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table 7).

Table 5. Magnitude of MV Bus voltage (VA) for various fault impedances

Table 6. Magnitude of MV Bus voltage (VB) for various fault impedances

Table 7. Magnitude of MV Bus voltage (VC) for various fault impedances

Figure 15. Magnitude of neutral voltage (VN) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different “Zn” . Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table ).

Figure 15. Magnitude of neutral voltage (VN) for Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different “Zn” . Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table 8).

Table 8. Magnitude of neutral voltage (VN) for various fault impedances

Figure 16. Single-line diagram CYME Simulation.

Figure 16. Single-line diagram CYME Simulation.

Table 9. Computational results for MV bus voltage

Table 10. Computational results for voltages at fault “F”

Figure 17. Sensitivity of fault current S(Ifa) to Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different values of “Zn”. Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table ).

Figure 17. Sensitivity of fault current S(Ifa) to Zf = 0.1 to 1000 Ω for different values of “Zn”. Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table 11).

Table 11. Sensitivity of fault current S(Ifa) for different neutral earthing and fault impedances

Table 12. Sensitivity of line voltage S(Vb) for different neutral earthing and fault impedances

Table 13. Sensitivity of line voltage S(Vc) for different neutral earthing and fault impedances

Figure 18. Sensitivity of neutral voltage (VN) for different values of “Zn”. Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table ).

Figure 18. Sensitivity of neutral voltage (VN) for different values of “Zn”. Graph is drawn omitting “θ” (key values are in Table 14).

Table 14. Sensitivity of neutral voltage S(Vn) with various neutral earthing impedances

Figure 19. Representation of a fallen conductor in high-resistivity desert soil.

Figure 19. Representation of a fallen conductor in high-resistivity desert soil.

Table 15. Site-measured desert soil resistivity

Table 16. Computed contact resistance of a fallen conductor

Nomenclature

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