Lightweight aggregate concrete produced with crushed stone sand as fine aggregate

Figures & data

Table 1. Physical properties of ingredient materials

Ingredient	Specific gravity	Water absorption (%)	Unit weight (kg/m^3)	Fineness modulus	Los Angeles abrasion %
NWA	2.618	0.77	1536	6.80	14.4
LWA	–	7.04	380	6.75	–
Crushed stone sand	2.752	1.94	–	4.18	–

Figure 1. Views of aggregate used in experimental program: (a) LWA (b) NWA.

Table 2. Composition of mixtures

S/No.	Ingredients (kg/m^3)	N100L0	N90L10	N80L20	N70L30
1	Water content	10.84	11.23	11.63	12.22
2	Cement content	25.22	25.22	25.22	25.22
3	Coarse aggregate	55.60	50.04	44.48	38.92
4	Lightweight aggregate	–	1.38	2.76	4.14
5	Crushed stone sand	28.17	28.17	28.17	28.17
6	Water reducing agent (ml)	112	112	112	112

N100L0 means mix with 100% NWA and 0% LWA; similarly, N90L10 means a mix with 90% NWA and 10% LWA.

Table 3. ASTM standards followed in the test program

Test name	ASTM standard
Sieve analysis of coarse and fine aggregate	ASTM C 136
Water absorption and specific gravity of coarse and fine aggregate	ASTM C 127/C128
Bulk density of coarse and fine aggregate	ASTM C 29
Slump test	ASTM C 143
Compressive strength	ASTM C 39
Flexural strength	ASTM C 78
Split tensile strength	ASTM C496
Modulus of elasticity	ASTM C469
Porosity test	ASTM C 642–97

Table 4. Fresh concrete properties

Mix design designations	Slump (mm)	Density (kg/m^3)
N100L0	60	2403
N90L10	55	2310
N80L20	52	2175
N70L30	45	2065

Figure 2. Compressive strength test results at various concrete ages.

Figure 3. Flexural strength test results at various concrete ages.

Figure 4. Relationship between compressive strength and flexural strength at 28 and 56 days.

Figure 5. Split tensile strength test results at various concrete ages.

Figure 6. Static modulus of elasticity test results at 56 and 90 days.

Table 5. Dry density, volume of permeable voids, and moisture absorption test results

Mix design designations	Dry density (kg/m^3)	Volume of permeable voids (%)	Moisture absorption (weight gain per unit area)
N100L0	2275	19.8	3.95
N90L10	2098	11.98	3.15
N80L20	1909	10.30	2.94
N70L30	1781	8.35	2.40

Figure 7. Fractured cylinder specimens of LWAC mixtures (Note: arrows show the fractured LWA particles).