Tribo-mechanical properties of epoxy-cashew nut shell liquid-crumb rubber- friction dust-banana fiber composites

Figures & data

Figure 1. Constituents of composite material

Table 1. Sample designation and material combination

Sample Designation	Epoxy	Hardener	CNSL	CR	FD	BF
	(ml)			(Vol. %)
E	60	50	0	0	0	0
E-CNSL 16	60	50	16	0	0	0
E-CNSL20	60	50	20	0	0	0
E-CNSL23	60	50	23	0	0	0
E-CNSL26	60	50	26	0	0	0
E-CNSL30	60	50	30	0	0	0
Hybrid composites
E-CNSL16-CR2.5-FD2.5-BF2.5	60	50	16	2.5	2.5	2.5
E-CNSL16-CR2.5-FD2.5-BF5.0	60	50	16	2.5	2.5	5.0
E-CNSL16-CR2.5-FD2.5-BF7.5	60	50	16	2.5	2.5	7.5
E-CNSL16-CR2.5-FD5.0-BF2.5	60	50	16	2.5	5.0	2.5
E-CNSL16-CR2.5-FD7.5-BF2.5	60	50	16	2.5	7.5	2.5
E-CNSL16-CR5.0-FD2.5-BF2.5	60	50	16	5	2.5	2.5
E-CNSL16-CR7.5-FD2.5-BF2.5	60	50	16	7.5	2.5	2.5

Figure 2. Tensile load versus elongation plot of (a) Neat Epoxy (E) and Epoxy-CNSL composites (b) Epoxy-CNSL-CR-FD-BF hybrid composites

Table 2. Mechanical properties of neat epoxy (E) and epoxy-CNSL(E-CNSL) samples

Sample Designation	σ (MPa)	Ɛ	E (GPa)	HShore D	I (J)
E	30.1 ± 0.8	0.066	0.78 ± 0.01	70 ± 2	0.07
E-CNSL16	37.5 ± 0.6	0.078	0.80 ± 0.01	69 ± 2	0.01
E-CNSL20	30.0 ± 0.7	0.086	0.78 ± 0.01	68 ± 2	0.2
E-CNSL23	28.3 ± 0.5	0.096	0.70 ± 0.01	67 ± 2	0.15
E-CNSL26	18.5 ± 0.6	0.048	0.50 ± 0.01	65 ± 2	0.7
E-CNSL30	17.8 ± 0.7	0.080	0.43 ± 0.01	64 ± 2	0.07
Notes: σ is the ensile strength, Ɛ is the strain, E is the Young’s modulus, H shore D is the shore hardness and I is the impact strength.

Table 3. Mechanical properties of neat epoxy (E), E-CNSL16 and E-CSNL16-CR-FD-BF (hybrid) samples

Sample Designation	σ (MPa)	Ɛ	E (GPa)	HShore	I (J)
E	30.1 ± 0.8	0.066	0.78 ± 0.01	70 ± 2	0.01
E-CNSL 16	37.5 ± 0.6	0.078	0.8 ± 0.01	69 ± 2	0.01
E-CNSL16-CR2.5-FD2.5-BF2.5	22.5 ± 0.7	0.028	0.98 ± 0.01	67 ± 2	0.05
E-CNSL16-CR2.5-FD2.5-BF5.0	19.2 ± 0.8	0.026	0.87 ± 0.01	67 ± 2	0.07
E-CNSL16-CR2.5-FD2.5-BF7.5	18.4 ± 0.7	0.056	0.74 ± 0.01	66 ± 2	0.07
E-CNSL16-CR2.5-FD5.0-BF2.5	12.5 ± 0.6	0.064	0.58 ± 0.01	73 ± 2	0.07
E-CNSL16-CR2.5-FD7.5-BF2.5	21.4 ± 0.7	0.04	0.34 ± 0.01	71 ± 2	0.05
E-CNSL16-CR5.0-FD2.5-BF2.5	9.0 ± 0.5	0.042	0.31 ± 0.01	55 ± 2	0.05
E-CNSL16-CR7.5-FD2.5-BF2.5	16.19 ± 0.7	0.053	0.36 ± 0.01	52 ± 2	0.05
Notes: σ is the ensile strength, Ɛ is the strain, E is the Young’s modulus, H shore D is the shore hardness and I is the impact strength.

Figure 3. Water absorption of neat epoxy, epoxy-CNSL and hybrid composites

Figure 4. Specific wear rate and coefficient of friction of E-CNSL16-CR2.5-FD2.5-BF7.5 composites at (a) 30 N, (b) 60 N, and (c) 90 N, (d) digital photo of hybrid composite wear debris film formed on the wear track of steel disc

Figure 5. Plots of (a) specific wear rate versus PV factor, and (b) coefficient of friction versus PV factor of E-CNSL16-CR2.5-FD2.5-BF7.5 composites