Effect of inlet and outlet angles on the flow performance of the ferrofluidic magnetic micropump

Figures & data

Figure 1. Basic design of the FMM (Hatch et al., 2001).

Table 1. Values of ${\theta }_i$ and ${\theta }_o$ selected by different investigators

Ref	Pumping chamber material	Piston material	${\mathit{\theta }}_{\mathit{i}}$, ${\mathit{\theta }}_{\mathit{o}}$
(Hatch et al., 2001)	Silicon—glass	Ferroluidic plug	90°
(Fu et al., 2014)	PMMA	Ferroluidic plug	90°, 0°
(Al Halhouli et al., 2012)	SU-8	Polymer magnets	90°
(Liu et al., 2018)	PDMS-glass	Ferrofluidic plug with C-shaped baffle	90°
(Gusenbauer et al., 2018)	3D printed VeroClear	NdFeB permanent magnets	90°
(Michelson et al., 2019)	3D printed PLA	Ferroluidic plug	90°

Figure 2. Flow field in the suction/compression chamber.

Figure 3. Comparison of mesh generated for (Mesh A) coarse, (Mesh B) medium, (Mesh C) fine, and (Mesh D) very fine.

Figure 4. Comparison of the numerical results for different mesh sizes.

Figure 5. Comparison of first order to second order momentum schemes.

Figure 6. Comparison of the numerical results to analytical solution.

Figure 7. Comparison of the numerical results for different numerical schemes.

Table 2. Geometric and physical quantities used in the CFD model

Quantity	Value
Inner radius, ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{i}}$	22 mm
Outer radius, ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{o}}$	56 mm
Piston width, ${\mathit{w}}_{\mathit{p}}$	34 mm
Inlet/outlet channel width, ${\mathit{w}}_{\mathit{ch}}$	6 mm
Inlet/outlet channel length, $\mathit{l}$	50 mm
Piston angular speed, ${\mathit{\omega }}_{\mathit{P}}$	2.6 rad/s
Pumped fluid viscosity, $\mathit{\mu }$	1.6 Pa.s

Figure 8. CFD pressure contours in the suction chamber.

Figure 9. CFD pressure contours in the compression chamber.

Table 3. Inlet and outlet pressure loss coefficients for different values of inlet and outlet angles

${\mathit{\theta }}_{\mathit{i}}/{\theta }_o$	${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{TS}}$ (Pa)	$\mathbf{\Delta }{p}_i$ (Pa)	${\mathit{K}}_{\mathit{i}}$	${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{TC}}$ (Pa)	$\mathbf{\Delta }{p}_o$ (Pa)	${\mathit{K}}_{\mathit{o}}$
0	20,897	548	2.82	20,836	488	2.51
30	21,092	744	3.82	20,937	589	3.03
60	21,790	1442	7.41	21,167	819	4.21
90	23,188	2840	14.6	21,484	1136	5.84

Figure 10. Variation of $\mathit{T}$ and $\mathit{\eta }$ with ${\mathit{\theta }}_{\mathit{i}}$ and ${\mathit{\theta }}_{\mathit{o}}$.

Table 4. Values of $p_T$, $\mathit{T}$, $P_i$ and $\mathit{\eta }$ for different values ${\theta }_i$ and ${\theta }_o$

${\mathit{\theta }}_{\mathit{i}},{\theta }_o$	${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{T}}$ (Pa)	$\mathit{T}$ (mN.m)	${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{i}}$	$\mathit{\eta }\mathrm{\%}$
0	41,733	332.03	1.22	82.17
30	42,029	334.38	1.23	81.59
60	42,957	341.77	1.25	79.83
90	44,672	355.41	1.30	76.77

Figure 11. Streamlines in the suction and compression chambers.

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