Figures & data
Figure 1. Gradation curve of local sand.
Figure 2. Open dumping of marble waste and flowing slurry in Peshawar, Pakistan.
Table 1. Properties of binder materials
Table 2. Properties of PVA fibers
Table 3. Mix proportions of ECC
Figure 3. Dog bone dimensions for direct tensile testing (unit, cm).
Figure 4. Four-point loading arrangement for the beams.
Figure 5. Compressive strength of ECC cylinders at various ages.
Figure 6. Failure pattern in the cylinder under compression load.
Table 4. Compressive strength of cylinders
Figure 7. Average stress–strain relationship under direct tensile test.
Table 5. Tensile strength and strain results of samples tested
Figure 8. Average load–deflection curve.
Figure 9. Failure pattern on the bottom face of the beams for M20 mix.
Table 6. Peak load and mid-span deflection results of four-point bending test
Table 7. Hypothesis testing results for compressive test
Table 8. Hypothesis of tensile testing results
Table 9. Hypothesis of flexural testing results
Figure 10. CO2 emission for ECC mixes.
Table 10. CO2 emission for individual constituent