Tribological simulation analysis of artificially aged A356 alloy with minor addition of copper and zinc

Figures & data

Table 1. Fabricated alloys and composites.

Material	Compositions
A	A356 + 1 wt.% Mg
A1 alloy	A + 0.5 wt.% Zn + 0.5 wt.% Cu
A2 alloy	A + 1wt.% Cup
C1 composite	A + 0.5 wt.% Cu coated Znp+0.5 wt.% Cup
C2 composite	A + 1 wt.% Cu

Figure 1. Pin-on-disk tribometer.

Figure 2. (a) Experimental setup of pin and disk; (b) 3D model of the pin and disk.

Table 2. Density values of specimens.

Specimen	Density (g/cc)
A	2.6509
A1	2.6972
A2	2.7004
C1	2.6857
C2	2.6898

Table 3. Experimental values of wear and coefficient of friction for specimens (Kashimat et al., 2023; Nithesh et al., 2023).

Specimen	Load in N	Coefficient of friction			Wear (microns)
		As-cast	Aged at 100 °C	Aged at 200 °C	As-cast	Aged at 100 °C	Aged at 200 °C
A	20	0.64	0.52	0.53	54	38	47
	40	0.65	0.56	0.6	83	62	74
	60	0.71	0.59	0.6	127	101	119
A1	20	0.66	0.53	0.55	50	41	46
	40	0.66	0.61	0.63	75	61	69
	60	0.7	0.57	0.62	120	102	111
A2	20	0.63	0.5	0.55	46	21	40
	40	0.62	0.59	0.62	64	41	52
	60	0.68	0.54	0.59	102	26	97
C1	20	0.42	0.32	0.36	45	32	36
	40	0.38	0.3	0.34	64	42	54
	60	0.39	0.32	0.37	86	51	65
C2	20	0.36	0.3	0.33	38	22	29
	40	0.28	0.26	0.27	58	31	49
	60	0.3	0.28	0.29	72	22	51

Figure 3. Contact body view and target body view.

Figure 4. Meshed model.

Figure 5. Fully constrained pin-on-disk configuration.

Figure 6. Hardness values of the specimens.

Table 4. Experimental and simulated values for the specimens.

Specimen	Load (N)	Wear coefficient x 10^-5 mm^3/Nm (Exp)			Wear coefficient x 10^-5 mm^3/Nm (Simulated)			Absolute % Error
		As-cast	Aged at 100 °C	Aged at 200 °C	As-cast	Aged at 100 °C	Aged at 200 °C	As-cast	Aged at 100 °C	Aged at 200 °C
A	20	3	2.25	2.62	4.1	2.6	3.53	26.82	15.41	25.77
	40	4.49	3.37	3.93	6.1	3.98	5.29	26.39	15.32	25.7
	60	6.74	5.12	6.12	9.22	6.06	8.24	26.73	15.51	25.72
A1	20	2.62	2.25	2.25	3.27	2.13	2.53	19.87	5.33	11.06
	40	4.12	3.18	3.56	5.15	3.01	4	20	5.34	11
	60	6.37	5.49	5.99	7.97	5.2	6.65	20.07	5.28	9.92
A2	20	2.25	1.12	2.25	2.6	0.97	2.39	13.46	13.39	5.85
	40	3.37	2.25	2.81	3.9	1.95	2.99	13.58	13.33	6.02
	60	5.49	1.37	5.12	6.36	1.18	5.46	13.67	13.86	6.22
C1	20	2.62	1.87	2.25	3.19	1.51	2.47	17.86	19.25	8.9
	40	3.56	2.25	2.81	4.33	1.82	3.08	17.78	19.11	8.76
	60	4.62	2.75	3.5	5.62	2.23	3.84	17.79	18.9	8.85
C2	20	1.87	1.12	1.5	2.04	0.87	1.52	8.33	22.32	1.34
	40	3.18	1.12	2.62	3.47	0.87	2.67	8.35	22.32	1.87
	60	3.87	1.12	2.62	4.22	0.87	2.67	8.29	22.32	1.87

Figure 7. Contact status of the specimen.

Figure 8. Contact pressure for the specimens under the load condition 40 N, as cast condition.

Figure 9. Frictional stress for the specimens under the load condition 40 N, as cast condition.

Kashimat, N., Sharma, S., Nayak, R., Manjunathaiah, K. B., Shettar, M., & Chennegowda, G. M. (2023). Experimental investigation of mechanical property and wear behaviour of T6 treated A356 alloy with minor addition of copper and zinc. Journal of Composites Science, 7(4), 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7040149

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Nithesh, K., Nayak, R., Hande, R., Sharma, S., Gowri Shankar, M. C., & Doddapaneni, S. (2023). Dual role of trace elements in magnesium dissolved age hardened A356 alloy on microstructure and peak micro hardness. Manufacturing Review, 10(5), 5. https://doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2023003

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Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of the study are available from corresponding author, upon reasonable request.