Potential role of bio-inoculants and organic matter for the management of root-knot nematode infesting chickpea

Figures & data

Figure 1. Interactive effects of Meloidogyne incognita, Glomus fasciculatum, Azotobacter, in Calotropis procera-amended soil on the plant length, fresh, and dry weight of chickpea Cicer arietinum.

Table 1. Interactive effects of Meloidogyne incognita, AM fungus, Azotobacter, in Calotropis procera-amended soil on the plant-growth parameters of chickpea Cicer arietinum

Treatments	No. of pods per plants	No. of branches per plant	Percent pollen fertility	Fresh weight of fruits (g)	Chlorophyll content (mg/g)
Control	24.33^h	7.56^d	79.62^e	50.24^g	2.24^f
CP alone	31.24^fg	9.28^c	85.19^de	63.38^ef	2.81^e
MI alone	15.21^i	5.74^e	57.07^f	30.01^h	1.36^g
Azo alone	34.34^d-f	9.93^b	88.50^b-d	67.56^b-f	2.96^cd
GF alone	33.51^d-f	9.75^b	87.16^c-e	66.26^c-f	2.91^de
CP + MI	29.27^g	8.89^c	80.64^e	61.52^f	2.70^e
CP + Azo	38.78^ab	11.07^a	96.33^a	73.47^ab	3.27^ab
CP + Azo + MI	35.94^b-d	10.40^a	91.94^a-d	70.2^a-d	3.08^a-c
CP + GF	37.42^a-d	10.62^a	93.62^a-c	71.16^a-c	3.15^a-c
CP + GF + MI	35.23^c-e	10.19^b	89.90^a-d	68.9^b-e	3.04^bc
Azo + MI	32.34^e-g	9.51^b	86.73^c-e	65.09^d-f	2.86^e
GF + MI	30.45^g	9.07^c	84.77^de	62.65^f	2.73^e
CP + GF + Azo	39.82^a	11.43^a	97.52^a	75.18^a	3.34^a
CP + Azo + GF + MI	38.00^a-c	10.83^a	95.00^a	72.41^a-c	3.21^a-c
C.D (p = 0.05)	3.32	0.79	7.70	6.23	0.259

Notes: CP = Calotropis procera, MI = Meloidogyne incognita, Azo = Azotobacter, GF = Glomus fasciculatum. Letters are meant for comparison within columns and different letters depict values that are significantly different at p = 0.05.

*Each value is an average of 5 replicates.

Table 2. Interactive effects of Meloidogyne incognita, Glomus fasciculatum, Azotobacter chroococcum in Calotropis procera amended soil on the plant-growth parameters of chickpea Cicer arietinum in relation to myrorrhization, root-knot development, and nematode multiplication

Treatments	Root-galls	Nematode population	Rf = (Pf/Pi)	Root-nodule/plants	Mycorrhizal colonization (%)
					External	Internal
Control	0.00	0.00	0.00	18.58^h	0.00	0.00
CP alone	0.00	0.00	0.00	24.08^fg	0.00	0.00
MI alone	158.50^a	14674^a	7.33^a	11.77^i	0.00	0.00
Azo alone	0.00	0.00	0.00	25.54^c-f	0.00	0.00
GF alone	0.00	0.00	0.00	25.19^d-g	40.19^c	45.80^d
CP + MI	120.20^b	11580^b	5.79^b	23.16^g	0.00	0.00
CP + Azo	0.00	0.00	0.00	27.90^ab	0.00	0.00
CP + Azo + MI	50.23^d	04612^f	2.30^e	26.67^a-d	0.00	0.00
CP + GF	0.00	0.00	0.00	27.06^a-d	46.48^b	49.62^c
CP + GF + MI	57.16^d	06257^e	3.12^de	26.03^b-e	24.00^d	33.93^e
Azo + MI	80.23^c	07586^d	3.79^d	24.82^e-g	0.00	0.00
GF + MI	110.73^b	09365^c	4.68^c	23.70^g	19.37^e	25.77^fs
CP + GF + Azo	0.00	0.00	0.00	28.45^a	56.62^a	63.56^a
CP + Azo + GF + MI	37.19^e	01264^g	0.63^f	27.59^abc	49.50^b	55.30^b
C.D (p = 0.05)	9.67	22.62	0.85	2.20	3.11	3.21

Notes: CP = Calotropis procera, MI = Meloidogyne incognita, Azo = Azotobacter, G F = Glomus fasciculatum.

*Each value is an average of five replicates. Letters are meant for comparison within columns and different letters depict values that are significantly different at p = 0.05.

Figure 2. Regression analysis (plot) between galls vs. (A) plant length, (B) fresh weight (C), dry weight, (D) chlorophyll, and (E) nodules of chickpea, Cicer arietinum.