Relieving dormancy and improving germination of Piquín chili pepper (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) by priming techniques

Figures & data

Table 1. Average values, ANOVA significance and LSD_0.05 values of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum/aviculare seeds and seedless, germinated in darkness at 25 °C following digestion treatments

	CC (µg·g^−1)	FGP (%)	PGI	FLP (%)	LGI	FMP (%)	MGI	G50 (d)	RGI	G10–90 (d)	SGI	PRL (mm)	DGI	ASP (%)	ASI
Significance.	^NS	^NS	*	^NS	*	^NS	*	^NS	*	^NS	*	^NS	**	^NS	*
Control seeds	973	8.1	100b	46.3	100b	43.9	100a	25.2	100a	14.1	100b	25.4	100b	15.1	100
Digested seeds	1007	7.7	92a	45.0	92a	46.4	116b	23.5	111b	14.3	91a	17.5	66a	15.9	114
LSD0.05	260	0.66	4.14	3.63	3.62	4.01	6.68	2.04	5.91	1.18	4.71	10.98	13.9	1.20	9.84

Capsaicinoids Content (CC); Final Latent Percentage (FLP); Final Mortality Percentage (FMP); Final Germination Percentage (FGP); Primary Root Length (PRL); Development Germination Index (DGI); Days to 50% of FGP (T50); Rate Germination Index (RGI); Days between 10% and 90% of FGP (G_10–90); Synchrony Germination Index (SGI); Abnormal Seedling Percentage (ASP); Abnormality Seedling Index (ASI).

Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not different at p ≤ 0.05 per Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test.

^NS, * Nonsignificant or significant at p ≤ 0.05.

Figure 1. Cumulative germination percentage of Piquín pepper after seeds treatments (digested or primed) monitored for 28 days. Error bars are presented only for control, digested and KNO₃ treatments.

Table 2. Average values, ANOVA significance and LSD_0.05 values of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum seeds and seedling, germinated in darkness at 25°C following priming (Pr) treatments

	CC (µg·g^−1)	FLP (%)	FMP (%)	FGP (%)	PRL (mm)	DGI	T50 (d)	G10–90 (d)	ASP (%)
Priming salt	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Control	957d	44.7c	48.8c	7.9a	18.3c	100a	25.5e	14.6c	14.8c
NH4Cl	638c	39.2ab	26.2b	36.5c	17.1abc	421bc	22.4d	21.1f	12.9bc
(NH4)2SO4	469b	39.9abc	28.0b	32.4b	16.8abc	366bc	22.1cd	22.1g	11.4b
NH4NO3	319a	43.2bc	11.9a	45.0d	16.8abc	501de	21.0b	12.0b	8.6a
KCl	579c	39.7ab	28.2b	32.7bc	16.0a	360b	21.1bc	17.1d	12.8bc
K2SO4	441b	36.8a	27.2b	35.3bc	17.6abc	437cd	20.8b	18.9e	11.7b
KNO3	309a	40.2abc	13.5a	46.1d	17.8bc	565e	19.0a	11.0a	10.1ab
Priming time (h)	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
0	957c	44.7c	48.8d	7.9a	18.3c	100a	25.5d	14.6a	14.8c
24	607b	49.7d	16.9a	33.7b	15.2a	353b	22.7c	18.9c	13.8c
48	420a	38.3b	23.7b	38.5c	16.6b	433c	21.3b	17.2b	11.6b
72	350a	31.5a	26.8c	41.8d	19.2c	538d	19.2a	15.0a	8.4a
Priming Ψs (atm)	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
0	957c	44.7c	48.8c	7.9a	18.3b	100a	25.5d	14.6a	14.8c
−5	555b	46.2c	20.9a	34.0b	15.5a	368b	22.2c	18.2c	14.3c
−10	395a	38.7b	21.8ab	39.7c	17.3b	462c	21.2b	17.0bc	8.8a
−15	428a	34.5a	24.8b	40.3c	18.1b	496c	19.8a	16.0ab	10.8b
Ps × Pt	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Ps × PΨ	*	*	*	*	*	*	^NS	*	*
Pt × PΨ	*	*	*	*	*	*	^NS	^NS	*

Capsaicinoids Content (CC); Final Latent Percentage (FLP); Final Mortality Percentage (FMP); Final Germination Percentage (FGP); Primary Root Length (PRL); Development Germination Index (DGI); Days to 50% of FGP (T₅₀); Days between 10% and 90% of FGP (G_10–90); Abnormal Seedling Percentage (ASP).

* Significant differences at p ≤ 0.05. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not different at p ≤ 0.05 per Fisher’s least significant difference test.

Table 3. Average values, ANOVA significance and LSD_0.05 values of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum seeds and seedling, germinated in darkness at 25 °C following pre-sowing with gibberellic acid treatments and priming integrated with gibberellic acid (GA₃) treatments

	CC (µg·g^−1)	FLP (%)	FMP (%)	FGP (%)	PRL (mm)	DGI	T50 (d)	G10–90 (d)	ASP (%)
Treatment	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Control	824e	47.0d	45.4f	7.6a	21.4c	100a	26.7f	14.9de	32.0f
+100mg·L-1 GA3	491d	11,9b	27.1e	60.1d	13.4a	545b	10.8bc	15.6e	21.4e
+200mg·L-1 GA3	384c	7.1a	16.9c	76.0f	13.7a	674c	8.2a	8.8a	15.7d
NH4NO3 (−10 atm)	461d	43.4c	8.2ab	48.4b	18.0b	579b	22.8e	12.9c	6.9a
+100 mg·L-1 GA3	201b	12,0b	23.4d	64.6e	30.9d	1331d	11.3c	15.5e	20.6e
+200 mg·L-1 GA3	74a	12.2b	16.4c	76.9f	39.8e	2036e	8.0a	8.0a	7.0a
KNO3 (−15 atm)	402c	42.4c	5.4a	52.3c	19.1b	665c	18.4d	10.2b	11.2b
+100 mg·L-1 GA3	209b	6.7a	21.6d	66.3e	28.9d	1276d	10.1b	14.2d	13.2c
+200 mg·L-1 GA3	72a	6.8a	11.5b	81.8g	38.4e	2096e	8.1a	8.1a	11.1b
NO3 × GA	*	*	*	*	*	*	^NS	*	*

Capsaicinoids Content (CC); Final Latent Percentage (FLP); Final Mortality Percentage (FMP); Final Germination Percentage (FGP); Primary Root Length (PRL); Development Germination Index (DGI); Days to 50% of FGP (T₅₀); Days between 10% and 90% of FGP (G_10–90); Abnormal Seedling Percentage (ASP).

* Significant differences at p ≤ 0.05. Means within the same column followed by the same letter are not different at p ≤ 0.05 per Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test.