Species composition, structure and regeneration status of woody plant species in a dry Afromontane forest, Northwestern Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of the study area.

Figure 2. Clima diagram of Yilmana Densa district (2000–2018), Data source:.Western Amhara Meteorology Service Center (2018)

Table 1. List of woody plant species in Gelawoldie community forest with their family name, mean densities, relative densities (%), frequency, relative frequency (%), dominance (Do), relative dominance (%), IVI (%) and habit

Scientific Name	Family	Density	RD	F	RF	Do	RDO	IVI	Habit	Collection No
Acacia abyssinica Hochst.ex.Benth	Fabaceae	78	3.7	0.7	4.0	6.0	4.3	12.0	Tree	GM001
Acacia lahai Steud. &Hochst. ex Benth	Fabaceae	78	3.7	0.6	3.4	7.0	5.0	12.1	Tree	GM005
Acanthus eminens C.B Clarke	Acanthaceae	20	0.9	0.1	0.8	0.0	0.0	1.7	Shrub	GM054
Acanthus sennii Chiove	Acanthaceae	19	0.9	0.2	1.0	0.0	0.0	1.9	Shrub	GM026
Albizia schimperiana Oliv.	Fabaceae	76	3.6	0.8	4.6	5.0	3.6	11.8	Tree	GM008
Berkheya spekeana Oliv.	Asteraceae	9	0.4	0.1	0.8	0.0	0.0	1.2	Shrub	GM015
Bersama abyssinica Fresen.	Melianthaceae	132	6.2	0.9	5.4	7.0	5.0	16.6	Tree	GM011
Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.)Baill	Euphorbiaceae	68	3.2	0.5	3.0	7.0	5.0	11.2	Tree	GM019
Brucea antidy senterica J.F. Miller	Simaroubaceae	22	1.0	0.3	1.7	0.0	0.0	2.7	Shrub	GM047
Buddleja polystachya Fresen.	Buddlejaceae	19	0.9	0.3	1.5	3.0	2.1	4.5	Tree	GM033
Calpurnia aurea (Alt.) Benth.	Fabaceae	105	4.9	0.7	4.2	0.0	0.0	9.1	Shrub	GM024
Capparis tomentosa Lam.	Capparidaceae	26	1.2	0.3	1.9	0.0	0.0	3.1	Climber	GM009
Carissa edulis (Forssk.)Vahle.	Apocynaceae	101	4.7	0.6	3.6	8.0	5.7	14	Shrub	GM006
Clausena anisata (Wild.) Benth.	Rutaceae	27	1.3	0.2	1.0	0.0	0.0	2.3	Shrub	GM020
Clemanths longicauda Steude.Ex.A.Rich	Ranunculaceae	20	0.9	0.3	1.5	0.0	0.0	2.4	Climber	GM034
Clerodendron myricoides (Hochst.) R.Br.exVatke.	Verbenaceae	12	0.6	0.1	0.8	0.0	0.0	1.4	Shrub	GM048
Clutia abyssinica Jaub&Spach	Euphorbiaceae	44	2.1	0.3	2.1	0.0	0.0	4.2	Shrub	GM036
Croton macrosta chyus Del. Hochest.ex.Del.	Euphorbiacae	76	3.6	0.9	5.5	4.0	2.9	12	Tree	GM002
Cyanotis hirsute L.	Commeliaceae	26	1.2	0.2	1.3	5.0	3.6	6.1	Tree	GM018
Dodonaea angustifolia L.f.	Sapindaceae	39	1.8	0.2	1.3	8.1	5.8	8.9	Shrub	GM043
Dovyalis abyssinica (A.Rich.)Warb.	Flacourtiaceae	18	0.8	0.1	0.8	8.0	5.7	7.3	Tree	GM031
Ekebergia capensis Sparrm.	Meliaceae	58	2.7	0.3	1.7	10.0	7.1	11.5	Tree	GM029
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh	Myrtaceae	24	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	Tree	GM040
Ficus carica L.	Moraceae	11	0.5	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.9	Tree	GM056
Grewia ferruginea Hochst.ex.A.Rich	Tiliaceae	15	0.7	0.2	1.0	0.0	0.0	1.7	Shrub	GM017
Hibiscus ludwigil Eckl&Zeyha	Malvaceae	12	0.6	0.1	0.8	0.0	0.0	1.4	Shrub	GM023
Hypericum quartinianum A Rich	Hypericcaceae	14	0.7	0.1	0.5	0.0	0.0	1.2	Shrub	GM045
Jasminum abyssinicum Hochst.exDc.	Oleaceae	13	0.6	0.2	1.0	0.0	0.0	1.6	Climber	GM032
Jasminum grandiflorm L.	Oleaceae	18	0.8	0.1	0.8	0.0	0.0	1.6	Climber	GM012
Juniperus procera EndI	Cupressaceae	1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	Tree	GM059
Justicia schimperiana (Hochst.exNees) T.Anders.	Acanthaceae	4	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	Shrub	GM016
Laggera tomentosa (A.Rich) Olive&Hem	Asteraceae	14	0.7	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.0	1.1	Shrub	GM028
Maesa lanceolata Forssk.	Myrsinaceae	24	1.1	0.1	0.8	0.0	0.0	1.9	Shrub	GM010
Maytenus arbutifolia (Hochstex.A.Rich.)Wilczex.	Celastraceae	69	3.2	0.5	2.9	0.0	0.0	6.1	Shrub	GM013
Maytenus obscura (A.Rich.) Cuf	Celastraceae	29	1.4	0.2	1.2	7.0	5.0	7.6	Tree	GM004
Myrsine Africana L.	Myrsinaceae	25	1.2	0.2	1.3	0.0	0.0	2.5	Shrub	GM041
Ocimum lammifolium Hochst.ex.Benth.	Lamiaceae	18	0.8	0.1	0.8	0.0	0.0	1.6	Shrub	GM058
Olinia rochetiana A.Juss.	Oliniaceae	18	0.8	0.1	0.8	6.0	4.3	5.9	Tree	GM049
Osyris quadripartita Decn.	Santalaceae	95	4.5	0.7	4.2	6.0	4.3	13	Tree	GM025
Otostegia tomentosa (Chiov.)	Lamiaceae	8	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.8	Shrub	GM014
Phytolacca dodecandra L.Her	Phytolacaceae	9	0.4	0.1	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.9	Climber	GM057
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims	Pittosporaceae	74	3.5	0.5	2.9	7.0	5.0	11.4	Tree	GM053
Premna schimperi Engl.	Verbenaceae	6	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.7	Shrub	GM044
Protea gaguedi Gmel.	Proteaceae	21	1.0	0.2	1.3	0.0	0.0	2.3	Shrub	GM027
Pteroloblum stellautum (Forssk.) Brenan.	Fabaceae	44	2.1	0.5	2.9	0.0	0.0	5.0	Climber	GM035
Ritchiea albersii Gilg.	Capparidaceae	8	0.4	0.1	0.8	0.0	0.0	1.2	Shrub	GM052
Ritchiea steudneri Gilg.	Capparidaceae	29	1.4	0.3	1.5	6.0	4.3	7.2	Tree	GM030
Rhus vulgaris Meikle	Anacardiaceae	26	1.2	0.3	1.9	4.0	2.9	6.0	Tree	GM022
Rosa abyssinica Lindley	Rosaceae	98	4.6	0.8	4.9	6.0	4.3	13.8	Shrub	GM003
Rubus apetalus Poir.	Rosaceae	17	0.8	0.2	1.0	0.0	0.0	1.8	Climber	GM050
Rumex nervosus (Vahl)	Polygonaceae	23	1.1	0.2	1.2	0.0	0.0	2.3	Shrub	GM021
Sida ovate Forsk	Malvaceae	37	1.7	0.2	1.2	0.0	0.0	2.9	Shrub	GM007
Solanum indicum L.	Solanaceae	9	0.4	0.1	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.9	Shrub	GM055
Stereospermum kunthianum Cham	Bignoniaceae	8	0.4	0.1	0.4	6.0	4.3	5.1	Tree	GM042
Stephania abyssinica (Qu,-Dill&A.Rich) Walp.	Menispermaceae	15	0.7	0.1	0.5	0.0	0.0	1.2	Climber	GM039
Vernonia amygdalina Del.In Caill.	Asteraceae	26	1.2	0.2	1.2	8.0	5.7	8.1	Tree	GM051
Vernonia myriantha Hook.f.	Asteraceae	52	2.4	0.2	1.3	0.0	0.0	3.7	Shrub	GM037
Vernonia leopoldii (Sch-Bip.exWalp.)Vatke	Asteraceae	46	2.2	0.3	1.9	0.0	0.0	4.1	Shrub	GM038
Vernonia quartiniana A.Rich.	Asteraceae	19	0.9	0.1	0.8	0.0	0.0	1.7	Shrub	GM046

NB—The zero values included in the table are not actually zero, but very small numbers close to zero

Table 2. Comparison of species diversity, evenness indices and Sorenson similarity index among different dry evergreen Afromontane forests in Ethiopia

Forest	H’	EH	a	b	c	Ss	Sources
Sinko community	2.8	0.6	-		-	-	Zewdie (2013)
Amoro	3.3	0.9	25	32	34	0.43	Birhanu et al. (2018)
Yemrehane Kirstos church	2.9	0.8	14	25	45	0.23	Ayanaw and Dalle (2018)
Angada	3.4	0.4	27	32	60	0.37	Alemu (2011)
Gelawoldie community	3.8	0.9	-	-	-	-	Present study
Sesa Mariam Monastery	3.8	0.9	-	-	-	-	Meshesha et al. (2015)
Wof Washa	4.0	0.9	26	82	33	0.31	Yirga et al. (2019)
Yegof	2.3	0.6	18	38	41	0.31	Woldearegay et al. (2018)
Zengena	2.7	0.7	18	32	41	0.33	Tadele et al. (2014)

Ss = Sorensen coefficient

Table 3. Stand densities of Gelawoldie community forest and other Afromontane forests at two DBH classes

Forest	DBH ≥10 and ≤ 20 cm(a)	DBH>20 cm(b)	a/b	Sources
Sinko Community	206.0	104.0	2.0	Zewdie (2013)
Chilmo	638.0	250.0	2.6	Beche (2011)
Denkoro Chaka	526.0	285.0	1.9	A. Ayalew et al. (2006)
Angada	372.8	252.0	1.5	Alemu (2011)
Gelawoldie community	170.0	73.0	2.3	Present study

Figure 3. Frequency distribution of woody plant species in Gelawoldie community forest.

Figure 4. Distribution of woody plant species among DBH classes in Gelawoldie community forest.

Figure 5. Distribution of woody plant species among height classes in Gelawoldie community forest.

Table 4. Basal area comparison of Gelawoldie Community Forest with other forests

Forest	Basal area (m^2/ha)	Source
Wof Washa	101.8	Bekele (1994)
Gelawoldie community	93.8	Present study
Angada	79.8	Alemu (2011)
Denkoro	45.0	A. Ayalew et al. (2006)
Sanka Meda	34.7	Bantiwalu (2010)
Sinko community	22.1	Zewdie (2013)

Table

No.	Species Name	Seedlings	Saplings	Trees
1	Acacia abyssinica	4	16	58
2	Acacia lahai	34	28	16
3	Achanthus eminens	8	7	5
4	Achanthus sennii	9	6	4
5	Albizia schimperiana	24	23	29
6	Berkheya spekeana	3	2	4
7	Bersama abyssinica	61	43	28
8	Bridelia micrantha	24	18	26
9	Brucea antidysenterica	9	6	7
10	Buddleja polystachya	7	3	9
11	Calpurnia aurea	46	28	31
12	Capparis tomentosa	13	7	6
13	Carissa edulis	39	35	27
14	Clausena anisata	8	10	9
15	Clemanths longicauda	7	5	8
16	Clerodendron myricoides	5	4	3
17	Clutia abyssinica	18	15	11
18	Croton macrostachyus	18	20	38
19	Cyanotis hirsute	9	8	9
20	Dodonaea angustifolia	11	15	13
21	Dovyalis abyssinica	5	6	7
22	Ekebergia capensis	24	19	15
23	Eucalyptus camaldulensis	0	0	0
24	Ficus carica	4	4	3
25	Grewia ferruginea	6	5	4
26	Hibiscus ludwigil	5	4	3
27	Hypericum quartinianum	5	4	5
28	Jasminum abyssinicum	5	4	4
29	Jasminum grandiflorm	7	6	5
30	Juniperus procera	0	0	0
31	Justicia schimperiana	0	1	3
32	Laggara tomentosa	3	6	5
33	Maesa lanceolata	8	9	7
34	Maytenus arbutifolia	34	21	14
35	Maytenus sennegagalensis	12	9	8
36	Myrsine africana	9	10	6
37	Ocimum lammiifolium	7	5	6
38	Olinia rochetiana	5	7	6
39	Osyris quadripartita	38	30	27
40	Otostegia tomentosa	1	4	3
41	Phytolacca dodecandra	4	3	2
42	Pittosporum viridiflorum	31	21	22
43	Premna schimperi	2	3	1
44	Protea gaguedi	7	8	6
45	Pteroloblum stellautm	21	13	10
46	Rhus vulgaris	0	3	5
47	Ritchiea albersii	11	8	10
48	Ritchiea steudneri	9	8	9
49	Rosa abyssinica	43	29	26
50	Rubus apetalus	8	5	4
51	Rumex nervosus	8	7	8
52	Sida ovate	15	10	12
53	Solanum indicum	3	2	4
54	Stereospermum kunthianum	1	2	5
55	Stephania abyssinica	7	5	3
56	Vernonia amygdalina	9	9	8
57	Vernonia myriantha	19	17	16
58	Vernonia leopoldii	18	15	13
59	Vernonia quartiniana	8	6	5

0 indicates that the species was found outside the quadrat and data of seedlings, saplings and trees were not collected

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