Impacts of tillage practice on the productivity of durum wheat in Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1. Precipitation (mm/10 days) of during durum wheat growing season in 2015, 2016 and 2017 at Memerhager

Figure 2. Precipitation (mm/10 days) of during durum wheat growing season in 2015, 2016 and 2017 at Alemtena

Table 1. The effects of tillage practices and variety on durum wheat phenology and growth traits at Memerhager and Alemtena from 2015 to 2017

Treatment	Memrhager		Alemtena
Year	DH	PH (cm)	DH	PH (cm)
2015	54.4a	81.2b	43.1b	69.2b
2016	52.4b	85.8a	45.0a	72.5a
2017	51.4c	80.2b	42.1c	59.6c
SE	0.11	0.88	0.12	1.16
Variety
Mangudo	52.8	84.2a	43.4	67.7
Ude	52.7	81.2b	43.3	66.5
SE	0.09	0.72	0.09	0.95
Tillage system
CT	54a	82.6	43.7b	67.3ab
RTRRt	53.3b	81.9	44.4a	68.4a
RTRRm	52.5c	83.5	43.5b	64.8b
OP+RS	51d	82.9	42.0c	67.9a
SE	0.13	1.02	0.14	1.34
CV	0.73	3.69	0.97	6.01

Means with the same letter in columns are not significantly different at 5% level of significance; Abbreviations: SE = standard error at 5%; CV (%) = Coefficient of variation, DH = Days to heading, PH = Plant height, CT = conservation tillage (5 times pass), RTRRt = reduced tillage residue retained, RTRRm = reduced tillage residue removed, OP+RS = one plow +round up spray.

Figure 3. Interaction effects of tillage and variety on durum wheat maturity at Memerhager, Ethiopia. Abbreviations: CT, conservation tillage (5 times pass), RTRRt: reduced tillage residue retained, RTRRm: reduced tillage residue removed, OP+RS, one plow +round up spray in 2015, 2016 and 2017 cropping season

Figure 4. Interaction effects of tillage and variety on durum wheat maturity at Alemtena, Ethiopia. Abbreviations: CT, conservation tillage (5 times pass), RTRRt: reduced tillage residue retained, RTRRm: reduced tillage residue removed, OP+RS, one plow +round up spray in 2015, 2016 and 2017 cropping season

Table 2. The effects of tillage practices and variety on durum wheat number of productive tillers (NPT), kernel per spike (NKPS) and spike length (SL) at Memerhager and Alemtena from 2015 to 2017

Treatment	Memrhager			Alemtena
Year	NPT	NKPS(cm)	NPT	NKPS(cm)	SL (cm)
2015	4.62a	43.08	3.19b	40.64	5.51a
2016	3.38b	44.08	4.14a	39.92	5.57a
2017	4.62a	43.08	2.97b	38.08	4.44b
SE	0.11	1.81	0.16	1.84	0.15
Variety
Mangudo	4.05	46.33a	3.48	42.49a	5.27
Ude	4.36	40.50b	3.39	36.60b	5.08
SE	0.09	1.48	0.13	1.50	0.12
Tillage system
CT	4.26	42.61	3.63a	37.61b	5.08
RTRRt	4.22	43.44	3.81a	42.97a	5.39
RTRRm	4.19	42.03	3.08b	37.03b	5.14
OP+RS	4.16	45.58	3.21b	40.58ab	5.08
SE	0.23	2.09	0.19	2.13	0.18
CV	16.23	14.45	16.49	16.18	10.26

Means with the same letter in columns are not significantly different at 5% level of significance; Abbreviations: SE = standard error at 5%; CV (%) = Coefficient of variation NPT = Number of productive tiller: NKPS = Number of kernel per spike; RTRRm = reduced tillage residue removed, OP+RS = one plow +round up spray.

Table 3. The effects of tillage practices and variety on harvest index and thousand kernel weight of durum wheat at Memerhager and Alemtena from 2015 to 2017

Treatment	Memrhager		Alemtena
Year	HI (%)	TKW (g)	HI (%)	TKW (g)
2015	0.38b	54.0	0.34	48.0
2016	0.51a	54.8	0.26	48.8
2017	0.50a	54.0	0.28	48.0
SE	0.02	1.17	0.02	1.18
Variety
Mangudo	0.46	56.1a	0.29	50.1
Ude	0.46	52.4b	0.30	46.4
SE	0.02	0.96	0.01	0.96
Tillage system
CT	0.47	54.5	0.27	48.5
RTRRt	0.48	55.9	0. 31	49.9
RTRRm	0.44	53.4	0.30	47.4
OP+RS	0.46	53.3	0. 30	47.3
SE	0.02	1.36	0.03	1.36
CV	15.69	7.53	26.89	8.47

Means with the same letter in columns are not significantly different at 5% level of significance; Abbreviations: SE = standard error at 5%; CV (%) = Coefficient of variation, HI = harvest index, TKW = thousands kernel weight, CT = conservation tillage (5 times pass), RTRRt = reduced tillage residue retained, RTRRm = reduced tillage residue removed, OP+RS = one plow +round up spray.

Figure 5. Interaction effects of year and variety on durum wheat spike length at Memerhager, Ethiopia. Abbreviations: CT, conservation tillage (5 times pass), RTRRt: reduced tillage residue retained, RTRRm: reduced tillage residue removed, OP+RS, one plow +round up spray in 2015, 2016 and 2017 cropping season

Table 4. The effect of tillage practices and variety on biomass, grain and straw yield of durum wheat at Memerhager and Alemtena from 2015 to 2017

Treatment	Memrhager			Alemtena
Year	AGBY (kg/ha)	GY	SY (kg/ha)	AGBY (kg/ha)	SY (kg/ha)
2015	7726b	3926.2	3882.8b	5479.2b	3462.3
2016	10693a	4016.7	6676.0a	7216.7a	5360.1
2017	7725b	3842.9	3882.4b	7496.5a	5472.0
SE	344.17	183.11	290.50	468.92	460.66
Variety
Mangudo	8712.4	3936.1	4831.9	6616.7	4690.8
Ude	8717.0	3921.1	4795.9	6844.9	4839.1
SE	281.01	149.51	237.2	382.87	376.13
Tillage system
CT	9597.2a	4402.9a	5194.3a	7715.3a	5711.0a
RTRRt	8907.6ab	4014.5ab	4759.8ab	7697.2a	5391.7a
RTRRm	8365.7b	3776.0bc	4789.2ab	5782.6b	4206.1b
OP+RS	8288.2b	3576.5c	4512.2b	5727.9b	3750.8b
SE	397.41	211.44	335.44	541.46	531.92
CV	13.68	16.15	20.90	24.13	23.12

Means with the same letter in columns are not significantly different at 5% level of significance; Abbreviations: SE = standard error at 5%; CV (%) = Coefficient of variation, AGBY = above ground biomass yield, GY = grain yield, SY = straw yield, CT = conservation tillage (5 times pass), RTRRt = reduced tillage residue retained, RTRRm = reduced tillage residue removed, OP+RS = one plow +round up spray.

Figure 6. Interaction effects of tillage practices and variety on the grain yield of durum wheat at Alemtena, Ethiopia. Abbreviations: CT, conservation tillage (5 times pass), RTRRt: reduced tillage residue retained, RTRRm: reduced tillage residue removed, OP+RS, one plow +round up spray in 2015, 2016 and 2017 cropping season

Figure 7. Partial budget analysis at Memerhager. Abbreviations: CT, conservation tillage (5 times pass), RTRRt: reduced tillage residue retained, RTRRm: reduced tillage residue removed, OP+RS, one plow +round up spray

Figure 8. Partial budget analysis at Alemtena. Abbreviations: CT, conservation tillage (5 times pass), RTRRt: reduced tillage residue retained, RTRRm: reduced tillage residue removed, OP+RS, one plow +round up spray in 2015, 2016 and 2017 cropping season