Determinates of farmer’s preference for watershed ecosystem services: The case of Belesa districts, Amhara region of Ethiopia”

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of the study area

Table 1. Number of sample households from East and West Belesa

	East Belesa		West Belesa	Total
Chamakorach	126	Dikuana	132
	46%		58.4
Dengora	149	Kalay	94
	54%		41.6
Total	275		226	501
	54.9%		45.1%	100

Table 2. Summary of descriptive statistics for household demographic characteristics

Variables	Mean	Std. Dv	Min	Max
Age of household	43.03	13.6	20	86
Educational status	1.57	2.45	0	12
Family size	4.76	1.81	1	10

Source: Computed from own survey data, (2019)

Table 3. Summary of descriptive statistics for socio-economic characteristic

Variables	Mean	Std. Dv.	Min	Max
Land holding	0.85	0 .58	0	4.5
Tropical livestock unit	3.2	2.26	0	12
Distance from watershed	1.187	0.573	0.285	2.53

Source: Computed from own survey data, (2019)

Table 4. Mixed logit model results

Mean of fixed parameter	Attributes only model
	Coefficient	standard Error	Z	P > (Z)
Labor contribution	.079	.026	2.93	0.003*
Mean of random parameter
Livestock fodder availability	.062	.028	2.20	0.028**
Increase soil moisture and fertility for cultivation	−.0039	.0040	−0.95	0.341
Stabilize spring water flow	.063	.031	2.01	0.044**
Reduce of soil erosion	.011	.0041	2.81	0.005*
Increase of crop productivity	.0078	.0033	2.34	0.019*
Standard Deviation random parameter	Coefficient	standard Error	Z	P > (Z)
Livestock fodder availability	−.076	.145	−0.52	0.600
Increase soil moisture and fertility cultivation	−.037	.0077	−4.89	0.000*
Stabilize spring water flow	.383	.049	7.81	0.000*
Reduce of soil erosion	−.040	.0074	−5.40	0.000*
Increase of crop productivity	−.043	.0047	−9.25	0.000*
Log likelihood		−2631
Prob> chi2	0.0000
LR chi2 (6)	80.20

Source: Computed from own survey data, (2019)

Dependent variable is choice; ***, ** and * are statistically significant at 1%, 5%, and 10% level of significance, respectively

Table 5. Mix reaction results of mixed logit model

Mean	Coefficient	Std. Err.	Z	P >Z
Family size* ISMFC	.0020	.00111	1.77	0.076***
Land holding size*RSE	−.0643	.0272	−2.36	0.018**
Extension contact* SSWF	−.133	.0672	−1.99	0.046**
Distance from watershed * ISMFC	−1.12	.3762	−2.98	0.003*
Distance from watershed * RSE	3.70	1.86	1.99	0.047**
Climatic change perception * SSWF	.211	.088	2.39	0.017**
Climatic change perception * RSE	.0217	.0069	3.13	0.002*
SD	Coefficient	Std. Err.	Z	P >Z
Family size* ISMF	−.0053	.001	−2.96	0.003*
Land holding size*RSE	.0090	.009	0.92	0.357
Extension contact* SSWF	.3365	.0707	4.76	0.000*
Distance from watershed * ISMF	−1.347	.543	−2.48	0.013**
Distance from watershed * RSE	−1.288	.641	−2.01	0.044**
Climatic change perception * SSWF	.1118	.190	0.59	0.557
Climatic change perception * RSE	−.0147	.0136	−1.09	0.278
LR chi2(20)	70,26
Log likelihood	−2626.0438
Prob> chi2	0.0000

Own computed survey 2019

Dependent variable is choice; ***, ** and * are statistically significant at 1%, 5%, and 10% level of significance, respectively