Mangifera indica (L.) tree as agroforestry component: Environmental and socio-economic roles in Abaya-Chamo catchments of the Southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of the study area.

Table 1. Respondents’ demographic characteristics and their statistical tests

No.	Household characteristics	P-Value
1	Age of the household head	0.027
2	Experience in the area	0.337*
3	Sex of the HH head	0.006
4	Education level of HH head	0.192*
5	Major occupation of HH head	0.00
6	Marital status	0.005
7	Household size	0.002
8	Farm size	0.00

*Indicates that variables are significantly different at P < 0.05

Table 2. Environmental parameters and their significance level at P < 0.05

No.	Parameter for environmental role		Agroforestry practitionership		Totaln (%)	χ2	P-Value
			NMBAF practitionern (%)	MBAF practitionern (%)
1	How do you rate damage to crops by the wind on the farm?	No damage	24(16.0)	27(18.0)	51(34.0)	36.009	0.000*
		low damage	3(2.0)	38(25.3)	41(27.3)
		Medium damage	2(1.3)	16(10.7)	18(12.0)
		High damage	1(0.7)	38(25.3)	39(26.0)
		Very High damage	0(0.0)	1(0.7)	1(0.7)
2	How do you rate the soil fertility status of the farm?	Not Fertile	17(11.3)	8(5.3)	25(16.6)	44.991	0.000*
		Less Fertile	1(0.7)	29(19.2)	30(19.9)
		Fertile	11(7.3)	80(53.0)	91(60.3)
		Very Fertile	1(0.7)	4(2.6)	5(3.3)
3	Is there a shade problem in your hot weather?	Yes	18(98.7)	118(78.1)	136(90.1)	37.826	0.000*
		No	3(2.0)	12(7.9)	15(9.9)
4	Rate the Soil Erosion Risk Level of the farm?	Very low	23(15.2)	91(60.3)	114(75.5)	4.755	0.313
		Low	6(4.0)	12(7.9)	18(11.9)
		Moderate	0(0.0)	3(2.0)	3(2.0)
		High	1(0.7)	12(7.9)	13(8.6)
		Very High	0(0.0)	3(2.0)	3(2.0)
5	Level of pest damage on the farm?	No damage	3(2.5)	17(14.4)	20(16.9)	7.772	0.07
		Medium damage	3(2.5)	16(13.6)	19(16.1)
		Low damage	3(2.5)	26(22.0)	29(24.6)
		High damage	0(0.0)	50(42.4)	50(42.4)

*Indicates that variables are significantly different at P < 0.05

Figure 2. The socio-economic role of agroforestry in the study area.

Table 3. Socio-economic role of MBAF and NMBAF with statistical difference (P < 0.05)

Socio-economic role	AF practitioner ship
	χ2	P-Value
Food/fruits	56.09	0.00*
Pole	7.48	0.05*
Fodder	0.52	0.47
Traditional medicine	1.04	0.31
Fuelwood	0.48	0.79
Timber	1.86	0.17

¹*indicates that there is a statically significant difference between agroforestry types.