Effect of banana peels as a substitute for white maize grain on laying performances and egg quality of Bovans Brown chickens

Figures & data

Table 1. Proximate compositions of banana peels and other feed ingredients

Parameters (%)	WMG	SBM	DBP	NSC	WG	BM
Dry matter	92.0	94.0	94.0	94.0	92.0	94.0
Ash	2.2	4.3	12.8	12.7	2.2	43.5
Crude protein	8.3	38.4	7.7	32.3	16.8	49.8
Crude fibre	5.0	6.1	13.8	16.3	8.1	0.90
Ether extract	7.0	6.5	7.7	8.3	4.5	10.10
Metabolizable Energy (kcal/kg)	3798.5	3588.1	2623.6	2438.5	3387.5	2620.0

WMG = White maize grain, DBP = Dried banana peel, WG = Wheat grain, NSC = Nouge seed cake, SBM = Soybean meal, BM = Bone meal

Table 2. Proportion of ingredients (%) used in formulating the experimental diets

Ingredients	Treatments
	T1 (0% DBP)	T2 (6% DBP)	T3 (12% DBP)	T4 (18% DBP)
WMG	50.0	44.0	38.0	32.0
DBP	0.0	6.0	12.0	18.0
SBG	14.0	14.0	15.0	15.0
NSC	17.5	17.5	18.5	18.5
WG	10.0	10.0	8.0	8.0
Limestone	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
GLP	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lysine	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
BM	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Salt	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
ME (kcal/kg DM)	2972.6	2956.2	2890.1	2877.1
Crude protein (%)	16.5	16.5	16.6	16.7

WMG = White Maize Grain, NSC = Nouge seed cake, WG = wheat grain, SBG = Soybean grain, BM = Bone meal, GLP = General layer premix, DBP = Dried Banana Peel and ME = Metabolized energy

Table 3. Effect of dried banana peels on growth traits of Bovan Brown chickens

Parameters	Treatments
	T1	T2	T3	T4	SEM	p value
Initial body weight (g)	1507	1473	1503	1484	14.58	0.42
Final body weight (g)	1646	1592	1612	1587	19.65	0.34
Body weight gain (g/day)	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.0	0.165	0.40
Daily feed intake (g/day)	101.2^c	104.1^b	103^bc	108.2^a	0.947	0.01
Total feed intake (g)	9012.5^c	9287^b	9179^bc	9642^a	78.4	0.01
Feed conversion ratio (g feed/g egg)	4.4	4.5	4.9	5.1	0.225	0.11

^{a, b, c}row means with different superscripts are significantly different, T₁ = Treatment one, T₂ = Treatment two, T₃ = Treatment three, T₄ = Treatment four

Table 4. Effects of dried banana peels on egg laying performance of Bovans Brown chickens

Production performance traits	T1	T2	T3	T4	SEM	p value
Total egg production/hen	43.5	40.8	39.9	39.7	1.35	0.38
Egg weight (g)	58.5^a	57.4^b	57.1^b	57.2^b	0.32	0.02
HDEP (%)	48.4^a	45.4^ab	44.3^b	44.1^b	1.27	0.04
Egg mass (g/h/d)	28.4^a	26.5^b	25.6^b	25.4^b	0.76	0.02

^{a, b, c}row means with different superscripts are significantly different, HDEP = Hen day egg production, T₁ = Treatment one, T₂ = Treatment two, T₃ = Treatment three, T₄ = Treatment four

Table 5. Effects of dried banana peels on egg quality traits of Bovans Brown chickens

Egg quality traits	T1	T2	T3	T4	SEM	p value
Egg weight (g)	58.9	59.5	60.6	58.5	0.56	0.304
Egg length (mm)	56.1	56.5	59.7	58.9	0.58	0.056
Egg width (mm)	43.3	43.3	43.5	44.3	0.48	0.663
Shell weight (g)	6.6^b	8.3^a	7.7^a	7.8^a	0.20	0.039
Shell thickness (mm)	0.32^b	0.41^a	0.45^a	0.44^a	0.02	0.039
Albumen weight g)	36.3	35.9	36.0	33.8	0.62	0.210
Albumen height (mm)	4.8	6.2	6.2	6.1	0.43	0.428
Yolk weight (g)	15.6^b	15.3^b	16.9^a	16.9^a	0.18	0.010
Yolk height (mm)	16.3	16.2	16.5	15.8	0.16	0.289
Yolk colour	3.4^b	4.7^a	4.8^a	4.7^a	0.09	0.001
Haugh unit	66.2	78.5	77.6	77.9	4.19	0.434

^{a, b, c}row means with different superscripts are significantly different, T₁ = Treatment one, T₂ = Treatment two, T₃ = Treatment three, T₄ = Treatment four

Table 6. Economics of feeding dried banana peels to Bovans Brown layers

Parameters	Treatments
	T1	T2	T3	T4
Total feed consumed/treatment (kg)	216.3	222.9	220.3	231.4
Total feed cost/treatment (birr)	2397.7	2323.5	2151.8	2108.4
Total egg produced (No.)	1045	980	958	952
Total return (birr)	3135	2940	2874	2856
Net return (birr)	737.3	616.5	722.2	747.6
Change in total return Change in total variable cost Change in net return (birr)	--_	−195 -74.3 –120.7	−261 -245.9 –15.1	−279 -289.3 10.3
MRR (%)	_	1.62	0.061	−0.035

MRR: marginal rate of return; Birr is Ethiopian currency; 1 USD = 52 Ethiopian Birr; the price of the egg during the experiment at local market was 3 birr/egg; kg: kilogram; No.: number; %: percent; T₁: Ration containing 0% DBP; T₂: Ration containing 6% DBP; T₃: Ration containing 12%DBP; T₄: Ration containing 18% DBP as substitute for WMG.