Factors affecting farmers’ decision to participate in various agricultural related information sources in Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1. Study kebeles, total population, and number of sample respondents

Study kebele	Total population			Sample unit
	Male households	Female households	Total	Male households	Female households	Total
Hawora	276	7	283	52	1	53
1st Keshera	279	11	290	53	2	55
Sappera	286	14	300	54	3	57
Total	841	32	873	159	6	165

Table 2. Descriptive statistics for continuous variables

Variables	Mean	Std.Dev	Minimum	Maximum
Age	46.30	12.11	23	80
Family size	6.41	2.27	2	13
Land size	0.85	0.51	0.125	2.25
Farming experience	8.84	4.96	2	40
Distance from extension center	2.28	1.05	1	6
Farm income	9612.73	5828.54	400	40,000
Non/off-farm income	5286.15	3687.42	0	30,000

Source: Own survey result, 2022

Table 3. Descriptive statistics for categorical variables

Characteristics		Frequency	Percentage
Sex	Male	154	93.33
	Female	11	6.67
	Total	165	100
Marital status	Single	3	1.82
	Married	151	91.52
	Divorced	4	2.42
	Widowed	7	4.24
	Total	165	100
Education	Literate	140	84.85
	Illiterate	25	15.15
	Total	165	100
Social participation	Yes	107	64.85
	No	58	35.15
	Total	165	100
Credit access	Yes	104	63.03
	No	61	36.97
	Total	165	100
Perception	Strongly agree	74	44.85
	Agree	28	16.97
	Neutral	35	21.21
	Disagree	17	10.30
	Strongly disagree	11	6.67
	Total	165	100
Frequency of extension contact	Weekly	54	32.73
	Twice in a month	47	28.48
	Once in a month	44	26.67
	Twice in a year	19	11.52
	Once in a year	1	0.61
	Total	165	100

Source: Own survey result, 2022

Table 4. Joint correlations for the estimated coefficients across the equations in the models

Variables	Coef.	Std. Err.
rho21	−0.4344**	0.142
rho31	0.9821***	0.014
rho41	0.9235***	0.039
rho32	−0.4340**	0.143
rho42	−0.3790**	0.157
rho43	0.9433***	0.029

Likelihood ratio test of rho21 = rho31 = rho41 = rho32 = rho42 = rho43 = 0: 1 stands for extension agents, 2 stands for modern information and communication technology, 3 stands for social network, and 4 stands for traditional media. ***, **, and * are statistically significant at < or = 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively.Source: Own survey result, 2022

Table 5. Multivariate probit model result

Variables	Extension agents	Modern information and communication technology	Social network	Traditional media
	Coeff(SE)	Coeff(SE)	Coeff(SE)	Coeff(SE)
Sex	−0.8382*(0.509)	0.4879(0.455)	−0.7093(0.525)	−0.3578(0.476)
Age	0.0100(0.013)	−0.0206*(0.012)	0.0043(0.013)	0.0136(0.013)
Marital status	−0.1178(0.284)	0.2388(0.363)	0.0014(0.287)	−0.0895(0.297)
Education	0.4265(.358)	−0.2274(0.379)	0.4466(0.351)	0.7843**(0.362)
Family size	−0.0104(0.063)	−0.0727(0.062)	0.0159(0.063)	−0.0232(0.061)
Land size	0.2696(0. 245)	0.2481(0.242)	0.4871**(0.246)	0.0586(0.240)
Experience	0.0027(0. 032)	−0.0177(0.025)	−0.0047(0. 028)	−0.0019(0.028)
Participation	0.814**(0.389)	−0.7463*(0.404)	0.8747**(0. 369)	1.0199**(0.381)
Distance	−0.3225**(0.116)	0.2675*(0.140)	−0.2699**(0.113)	−0.2409**(0.116)
Credit access	0.8504**(0.382)	−0.1727(0.391)	0.8300**(0.377)	0.9697**(0.392)
Farm income	−0.0000(0.000)	0.0000(0.000)	−0.0000(0.000)	−0.0000*(0.000)
Non/farm income	–0.0000(0.000)	0.0000(0.000)	−0.0000*(0.000)	−0.0000(0.000)
Perception	−0.0798(0.134)	0.0242(0.133)	−0.0769(0.128)	−0.1488(0.128)
Extension contact	−0.1106(0.156)	−0.0931(0.154)	−0.1285(0.151)	−0.2512*(0. 149)
_cons	0.4643(1.076)	1.4913(1.170)	0.0727(1.073)	−0.3371(1.041)

chi2(6) = 232.942 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000