Determinants of market outlet choice by smallholder wheat producers in Arsi Zone of Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of the study area.

Source: Produced from Ethio GIS database

Figure 2. Agro climatic map of Arsi Zone.

Source: Produced from Ethio GIS data base

Table 1. Distribution of sample size across selected woredas and kebeles

Woreda	Kebele	Total HHs	Sample
Limu Bilbilo	Sarbo	622	78
	Lemu Dima	721	88
Dodota	Dire Kiltu	611	78
	Dodota Alem	736	92
Total		2690	336

Table 2. Summary of independent variables used in multinomial logistic model

Variables	Type	Measurment/ Definition	Hypothesis
Sex of household heads	Dummy	1 = male, 0 = female	±
Age of household heads	Continuous	Years	±
Number of family size	Continuous	Number	+
Educational status of household heads	Dummy	1 = educated, 0 = uneducated	+
Year of participation in wheat cultivation	Continuous	Years	+
Number of oxen owned	Continuous	TLU	+
Distance DA from household residence	Continuous	Km	+
Nearby market	Continuous	Km	+
Nearby roads	Continuous	Km	+
Access to credit	Dummy	1 = yes, 0 = no	+
Market information	Dummy	1 = yes, 0 = no	+
Quantity of wheat produced	Continuous	Quintals	+

Table 3. The socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the households

Continuous variables	Mean	SD
Age	50.96	10.606
Family size	5.52	1.864
Year of participation	23.92	10.105
Land in hectare	1.7231	.831
Distance to DA (km)	2.16	.903
Distance to road (km)	2.26	1.897
Dummy variable	Responses	Frequency	Percent
Sex	Male	272	80.95
	Female	64	19.05
Education	Educated	133	39.58
	Uneducated	203	60.42
Marital status	Married	289	86.00
	Single	1	0.30
	Divorced	23	6.85
	Widowed	23	6.85
Access to land	Yes	329	97.92
	No	7	2.08
Access to DA	Yes	305	90.77
	No	31	9.23
Access to market information	Yes	315	93.75
	No	11	6.25

Sources: Survey result

Figure 3. Wheat production and marketing channel.

Source: Computed from survey results

Table 4. Model fitting information

Model	Model Fitting Criteria	Likelihood Ratio Tests
	−2 Log Likelihood	Chi-Square	df	Sig.
Intercept Only	855.096
Final	598.803	256.293	50	.000

Table 5. Multinomial logistic model estimation for determinants of wheat producer’s outlet choice

	Brokers		Cooperatives		Wholesalers		Consumers		Retailers
	Coef.	Robst std.	Coef.	Robst std.	Coef.	Robst std.	Coef.	Robst std.	Coef.	Robst std.
Sxhh (female)	17.231	35.03*	16.325	12.983*	19.864	43.95*	17.119	26.13*	4.585	35.615
Aghh	−.149	.862	−.226	.798***	.043	1.044	−.066	.936	15.983	.893
Nfamilsz	−.067	.935	.253	1.288	2.991	19.901	−.249	.779	−.113	.907
Edulevhh	−2.450	.086**	−.606	.545	−1.901	.149	−2.691	.068**	−.097	.137***
Yerpartic	.150	1.162	.239	1.271**	−.627	.534	.124	1.132	−1.989	1.136
Nombox	.159	1.172	.233	1.262	−3.710	.024	−.758	.469	.128	1.180
DAsupport	−1.478	.228	−.662	.516	−18.03	.000	−.294	.745	.166	1.120
nearbymarket	−.349	.706**	−.486	.615*	−.160	.852	−.080	.923	.114	.784***
nearbyroad	3.843	46.6**	3.356	28.6***	1.924	6.848	3.168	23.6***	−.244	25.0***
accescredit	3.140	23.110	1.011	2.749	.146	1.157	2.703	14.926	3.245	10.160
Marktinfo	.311	1.364	−.391	.676	3.663	38.980	2.861	17.476	2.318	.375
whetproduc	−.068	.934***	−.079	.924**	−.386	.680***	−.440	.644*	−.980	.925**
Const.	2.710		6.052		15.388		3.299		4.585

Dependent variable is market outlet choices, *, ** and *** are statistically significant at 1%, 5% and 10%, respectively.

Source: Survey data