Towards edible oil self-sufficiency in Ethiopia: Lessons and prospects

Figures & data

Figure 1. A/Total production of grain crops, B/productivity of cereals (Maize and Wheat), pulses (Faba Bean) and oilseed (Noug) (CSA, 2010–2020) and C/productivity of seed and oil yield for some oilseeds (Alemaw, 2013).

Figure 2. Value of import of edible oil in USD in Ethiopia 2012–2018.

Table 1. Number of oilseed varieties released in Ethiopia

No.	Crop	No of varieties
1	Linseed	20
2	Gomenzer	13
3	Noug	5
4	Sesame	33
5	Ground Nut	31
6	Soybean	35
	Early maturity Group	12
	Medium Maturity group	11
	Late maturity Group	12
7	Sunflower	17
	Open Pollinated	2
	Hybrid	15
8	Castor	2
	Total	156

Source: Ethiopian Agriculture Authority, Plant Variety Release, Protection and seed quality control Directorate, 2021. Crop Variety Register issue no 21. Addis Abeba.

Table 2. Seed yield of sesame in quental/ha under three moisture regmes

Moisture regime	Location and years	test	Seed Yield q/ha
Irrigated	Werer (3)		19.9
	Tendaho (3)		22.3
	Bako (1)		22.0
	Metema (1)		18.9
	Omorate (1)		18.0
	Weito(1)		17.0
	Mean		19.8
Marginal rainfall	Besidimo (3)		5.4
	Meiso (2)		2.7
	Harbu (2)		6.2
	Kobo (2)		5.9
	Humera (5)		6.7
	Mean		5.4
High rainfall	Pawe (2)		8.5
	Beles (3)		12.5
	Dedessa (3)		12.5
	Fincha (3)		10.9
	Abobo (3)		5.8
	Tedelle (3)		7.2
	Mean		9.6

Source: IAR,1973,1975,1982,1986,1966-1980 Unpublished data from Jinka and Gonder Agriculture Research Centers and Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, numbers in parenthesis is nymber of trials.

Table 3. Summary of seed yield in q/ha of two groundnut varieties Shulamith and NC-4× under three moisture regimes

Moisture regime	Locations and number	Yield Q/ha-
	of test years	Unshelled
Irrigated	Werer (3)	58.3
	Bisidemo (1)	23.8
	Babile(2)	23.3
Marginal rainfall	Meiso(2)	8.3
	Humera(1)	26.9
	Mean	20.6
	Fincha (3)	34.8
	Assosa (1)	19.9
High rainfall	Dedessa (2)	42.3
	Abobo (3)	27.4
	Beles 93)	21.1
	Mean	29.7

Source: IAR,1973,1975,1982,1986,1966–1980 (numbers in parenthesis is number of trials.

Table 4. Seed yield, oil and protein content of released soybean varieties

No	Variety	Seed Yield q/ha		Oil %	Protein %	Year of release	Releasing Center
		Reserach	Farmers
Early Maturity Group
1	Davis	25–30	15–20	21.9	28.2	1981	Hawassa
2	Williams	25–30	15–20	22.1	30.1	1981	Hawassa
3	Jalele	22	15	23.0		1995	Bako
4	Awassa-95	18–26	17–25	20.6	32.9	2003	Hawassa
5	KATTA	14–32	13–28	18.8	38.7	2003	Bako
6	Cheri	22	15			2003	Bako
7	Hawassa 04	26.5	15–25	23.2	37.3	2004	Hawassa
8	Nova	22.5	12–20	21.7	33.1	2004	Hawassa
9	Nyala	18.1	16	21.2		2006	Hawassa & Pawe
10	Gizale	17	15.6	22.0	30.1	2007	Hawassa & Pawe
11	Pawe 78	24–28	19–23	21.7	36.9	2020	Pawe
12	Guda	14–32	12–20	21.4	36.44	2021	Jimma
Medium Maturity Group
1	Coker-240	25–30	15–20	23.6	29.1	1981	Hawassa
2	Clark-63K	25–30	15–20	22.7	28.0	1981	Hawassa
3	Crawford	25–30	15–20	21.8	33.7	1981	Hawassa
4	Boshe	16–20	14–28	22.8	35.9	2000	Bako
5	AFGAT	15	13	21.7		2000	Hawassa
6	Dedessa	20–33	14–28			2000	Bako
7	Gizo	28	18	20.0	32.4	2002	Pawe
8	Gishima	17	15	22.1	31.4	2002	Pawe
9	Wello	19–32	17–22	21.8		2004	Sirinka
10	SCS-1	23–37	20–25	19.0	40.1	2021	Jimma
11	Melka Bonsa	25–35	18–25	21.8	35.6	2020	Jimma
Late Maturity Group
1	Belessa-95	17–29	21	23.4	33.0	2003	Hawassa
2	Ethio- & Yougoslavia	17–35	16–30	-	-	2002	Bako
3	Wegagen	21	18	22.2		2002	Pawe
4	Korme	12–38	12–32	20.5	39.3	2003	Bako
5	Pawe-01	24	19	21.0	-	2007	Pawe
6	Pawe-02	25	18–25	22.0	-	2007	Pawe
7	Pawe-03	23	18	23.0	42.0	2008	Pawe
8	Andenet	19–25	17–23	23.5	35.0	2011	Pawe
9	Tana Beles	27–35	16–25	22.7	39.4	2012	Pawe
10	Billo**	18–24	15–19	24.7	33.4	2020	Bako
11	Melka Bonsa	25–35	18–25	21.8	35.6	2020	Jimma
12	Gute*	18–27	15–24	22.3	39.4	2020	Bako

Source: Ethiopian Agriculture Authority, Plant Variety Release, Protection and seed quality control Directorate, 2021. Crop Variety Register issue no 1–24. Addis Abeba.

Table 5. Oil content and fatty acid composition of Ethiopian oil seeds

Oil Content and Fatty Acids	Crop
	Noug^2	Sunflower^5	Linseed^1	Gomenzer^3	Sesame^1	Groundnut^5	Soybean^5	Cotton^1	Vernonia^1	Castor^1
Oil Content	27–47	35–40	30–45	39.8–46.4	49–52	53–55	18–22	17–27	15–36	36–58
Palmitic (C16:0)	7.6–8.7	7.1–7.4	4.3–12.3	3.0–3.7	8.4–10.3	9.6–11.8	11.0	2.0–2.5	2.5–4.0
Stearic (18:0)	5.6–7.5	6.1–6.7	1.9–6.3		4.5–5.8	2.1–2.8	4.9	2.5–3.3	3.5–5.1
Oleic (C18:1)	4.8–8.3	21.1–22.6	11.3–29.4	10.6–12.1	39.5–43.0	41.3–46.7	22.3	20.0–25.0	4.7–13.5	2.6–7.6
Linolic (C18:2)	74.8–79.1	64.2–64.9	10.0–17.4	17.3–19.9	41.0–45.0	38.4–41.9	54.3	50.5–55.0	12.7–21.6
Linolenic (C18:3)	0.4–0.8		40.5–68.3	11,7–16.1		2.2–3.2	6.0			3.4–8.0
Erucic (C22:1)				39.9–43.3
Ecosadinoic				7.5–8.3
Ricinolic(C18:1 OH)										85.2–91.8
Vernolic acid ()									56.1–78.2
No of accessions	241	2	33	11	21	2		5	122	56

Source: ¹Seegler (1980), ²Getinet and Adefris 1995, ³Getinet et al 1996, ⁴Tesfaye 2003, ⁵Wesphal and Marquard 1973.

Figure 3. Suitable areas of soybean in Ethiopia (Demeke, 2018).

Figure 4. Wilt on sunflower crop planted after cotton at Gende Woha Metema Woreda in West Gonder Zone in 2020.

Figure 5. Certified seed supply share (%) of cereals and pulses in Ethiopia in the year 2020.

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