Chemical profile and antibacterial activity of essential oil from ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) sawdust

Figures & data

Table 1. Yield comparisons of essential oil of sawdust from several species of wood

No	Species	Yield (% w/w)	Geographical origin	Distillation method
1	Tetraclinis articulata	2.19	Khemisset, Marocco	Hydro-distillation (Saber et al., 2020)
2	Tetraclinis articulata	1.66	Essaouira, Marocco	Hydro-distillation (Achmit et al., 2021)
3	Cedrus atlantica	5.98	Senoual, Marocco	Hydro-distillation (Jaouadi et al., 2021)
4	Cedrus atlantica	3.51	Itzer, Marocco	Hydro-distillation (Jaouadi et al., 2021)
5	Cedrus atlantica	3.40	Azrou, Marocco	Hydro-distillation (Fidah et al., 2016)
6	Eusideroxylon zwageri	0.01	Borneo, Indonesia	Steam distillation in this study

Figure 1. GC chromatogram of ironwood essential oil.

Table 2. Chemical composition of ironwood essential oil

RT	Compound	RIExp	RILit	% Concentration
	Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon
13.166	α-Cubebene	1326	1348	6.44±0.00
13.496	α-Copaene	1358	1374	13.05±0.02
13.609	β-Elemene	1369	1389	3.64±0.01
14.005	(E)-Caryophyllene	1408	1417	35.81±0.25
14.340	α-Humulene	1443	1452	7.99±0.02
14.484	α-Amorphene	1458	1483	1.96±0.01
14.702	α-Muurolene	1481	1500	1.67±0.01
14.964	cis-Calamenene	1508	1528	6.15±0.02
				76.71
	Oxygenated sesquiterpene
15.202	Elemol	1532	1548	0.97±0.03
15.592	Caryophyllenyl alcohol	1572	1570	2.03±0.06
15.733	Caryophyllene oxide	1587	1582	8.78±0.08
16.003	Humulene epoxide II	1614	1608	0.96±0.03
16.111	1-epi-Cubenol	1624	1627	2.44±0.06
16.265	Torreyol	1639	1644	3.21±0.02
				18.40

RI_Exp- Retention index from literature and library.

RI_Lit- Retention index calculated on Rtx-5 column (relative to n-Alkane, C9-C24).

RT- Retention time.

Figure 2. Trans‐caryophyllene, its isomers, and oxidative product.

Figure 3. Examples of inhibition zones experiment.

Table 3. Zone inhibition of the essential oil

	Zone inhibition diameter (mm)
	MRSA	E.coli (ESBL)
Ironwood EO	6.13±0.03	3.35±0.05
Chloramphenicol	24.18±0.03	13.15±0.05
DMSO	-	-

Saber, M., Harhar, H., Bouyahya, A., Ouchbani, A., & Mohamed, T. (2020). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil of sawdust from Moroccan thuya (tetraclinis articulata (vahl) masters. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 11(1), 7912–7920. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC111.79127920

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