Carcass characteristics and meat quality of adult Sahelian does fed a basal diet of Brachiaria decumbens grass supplemented with probiotics and concentrates

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical composition of air-dried B. decumbens on dry matter basis

Chemical component	Value
Dry matter (g/kg)	929.5
Crude protein (g/kgDM)	77.9
Ether extract (g/kgDM)	72
Ash (g/kgDM)	76
Nitrogen free extract (g/kgDM)	289.1
NDF (g/kgDM)	644.0
ADF (g/kgDM)	316.4
Cellulose (g/kgDM)	261.4
Hemicellulose (g/kgDM)	327.6
ADL (g/kgDM)	55
*Metabolizable energy (Kcal/kg)	1887.92

Notes: *Estimated according to Pauzenga (1985): ME (kcal/kg) = (35 x percentage crude protein) + (81.8 x per cent ether extract) + (35.5 x percentage nitrogen free extract)

Table 2. Percentage inclusion of dietary ingredients and chemical composition of concentrate

Ingredient	Percentage inclusion
Millet mash residue (g/kg)	485.0
Wheat bran (g/kg)	485.0
Vitamin Mineral Premix^1 (g/kg)	10.0
Oyster shell (g/kg)	10.0
Common salt (g/kg)	10.0
Total	1000
Analysed Composition (%)
Dry matter (g/kg)	854.0
Crude protein (g/kgDM)	155.7
Crude fibre (g/kgDM)	110.4
Ether extract (g/kgDM)	13.6
Ash (g/kgDM)	94.3
Nitrogen free extracts (g/kgDM)	480.0
Neutral detergent fibre (g/kgDM)	370.0
Acid detergent fibre (g/kgDM)	130.0
Cellulose (g/kgDM)	100.0
Hemicellulose (g/kgDM)	240.0
Acid detergent lignin (g/kgDM)	30.0
*Metabolizable energy (Kcal/kg)	2364.75

Notes: ¹Vitamin-mineral premix: contains the following/kg diet: vitamin A − 8000 IU; vitamin D − 3000 IU; vitamin E − 8 IU; vitamin K− 2 mg; vitamin B1–1 mg; vitamin B 2–2.5 mg; vitamin B 12–15 mcg; niacin − 10 mg; pantothenic − 5 mg; antioxidant − 6 mg; folic acid − 0.5 mg; choline −150 mg; iron −20 mg; manganese − 80 mg; copper − 8 mg; zinc − 50 mg; cobalt − 0.225 mg; iodine − 2 mg; selenium − 0.1 mg.

*Estimated according to Pauzenga (1985): ME (kcal/kg) = (35 x percentage crude protein) + (81.8 x per cent ether extract) + (35.5 x percentage nitrogen free extract)

Table 3. Effects of probiotic and concentrate supplementation on slaughter live weight and carcass characteristics of does on treatment diets

Prob. level	Treatments				SEM	Significance
	0		100			P values
Conc. level	500 P0C500	1000 P0C1000	500 P100C500	1000 P100C1000		Prob.	Conc.	Prob.* Conc.
Parameter
Slaughter body weight (kg)	18.50	19.30	20.47	21.10	0.396	0.017	0.259	0.889
Hot carcass weight (kg)	9.40^b	10.11^ab	10.69^ab	11.42^a	0.255	0.005	0.053	0.019
Cold carcass weight (kg)	9.14^b	9.85^ab	10.40^ab	11.13^a	0.250	0.005	0.051	0.019
Empty body weight (kg)	11.91^b	12.69^ab	13.37^ab	14.10^a	0.291	0.010	0.098	0.019
Chilling loss (%)	2.80	2.63	2.70	2.57	0.045	0.401	0.155	0.863
Dressing percentage	50.81^b	52.38^ab	52.22^ab	54.12^a	0.647	0.044	0.026	0.028
*Blood weight	8.70	8.67	8.90	8.77	0.069	0.414	0.643	0.780
*Head weight	7.67^a	7.60^ab	7.33^ab	7.13^b	0.113	0.007	0.283	0.016
*Feet weight	5.90^a	5.73^ab	5.80^ab	5.57^b	0.046	0.040	0.008	0.016

Note: * Percentage of slaughter body weight. Prob.: Probiotic, Conc.: Concentrate, SEM: Standard error of the mean ^a,b,c, Mean values with different superscripts on the same row differ significantly (p < 0.05).

Table 4. Effects of probiotic and concentrate supplementation on edible viscera expressed as percentages of slaughter body weight

Prob. level	Treatments				SEM	Significance
	0		100			P values
Conc. level	500 P0C500	1000 P0C1000	500 P100C500	1000 P100C1000		Prob.	Conc.	Prob.* Conc.
Parameter
Heart weight	0.66	0.67	0.69	0.62	0.008	0.612	0.076	0.260
Kidney weight	0.58	0.55	0.58	0.59	0.014	0.520	0.744	0.520
Lung + trachea weight	3.00	3.13	2.85	2.81	0.056	0.022	0.553	0.312
Liver weight	2.40	2.50	2.60	2.20	0.068	0.710	0.286	0.099
Spleen weight	0.23	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.010	0.179	0.245	0.245
Full gut weight	28.67	27.17	27.60	26.73	0.339	0.286	0.116	0.641
Empty gut weight	9.95^b	10.50^ab	10.60^ab	10.80^a	0.096	0.017	0.042	0.027

Notes: Prob.: Probiotic, Conc.: Concentrate, SEM: Standard error of the mean

a,b,c^,Mean values with different superscripts on the same row differ significantly (p<0.05).

Table 5. Effects of probiotic and concentrate supplementation on the proximate composition of goat meat samples

Prob. level	Treatments				SEM	Significance
	0		100			P values
Conc. level	500 P0C500	1000 P0C1000	500 P100C500	1000 P100C1000		Prob.	Conc.	Prob.* Conc.
Parameter (%)
Moisture	74.22^b	74.27^b	75.17^a	75.03^a	0.144	0.000	0.725	0.043
Organic matter	23.66^a	23.67^a	22.56^b	22.73^ab	0.171	0.002	0.650	0.046
Crude protein	20.69^b	21.10^ab	21.02^b	21.74^a	0.123	0.006	0.003	0.024
Crude fat	2.84^a	2.53^a	1.83^b	1.77^b	0.146	0.000	0.135	0.028
Ash	2.12	2.07	2.27	2.23	0.047	0.125	0.622	0.943

Notes: a,b,c^, Mean values with different superscripts on the same row differ significantly (p<0.05).

Prob.: Probiotic, Conc.: Concentrate, SEM: Standard error of the mean

Table 6. Effects of probiotics and concentrate supplementation on the fatty acid profile (in mg/g) of the meat samples

	Treatments					Significance
Prob. level	0		100		SEM	P values
Conc. level	500 P0C500	1000 P0C1000	500 P100C500	1000 P100C1000		Prob.	Conc.	Prob* Conc
SFA Profile
C8:0	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.18	0.004	0.091	0.397	0.202
C10:0	0.21	0.22	0.22	0.20	0.004	0.236	0.741	0.134
C12:0	0.71^a	0.62^a	0.41^b	0.39^b	0.045	0.001	0.220	0.043
C14:0	4.72^a	3.65^ab	2.24^bc	1.26^c	0.425	0.001	0.043	0.019
C16:0	31.23^a	28.85^a	18.26^b	11.64^b	2.480	0.000	0.034	0.024
C18:0	44.61^a	37.48^a	24.51^b	14.80^b	3.680	0.000	0.037	0.026
C20:0	0.35^a	0.35^a	0.17^b	0.14^b	0.031	0.000	0.563	0.016
C22:0	0.10^a	0.07^ab	0.06^b	0.05^b	0.006	0.005	0.074	0.015
C24:0	0.091^a	0.091^a	0.071^ab	0.064^b	0.004	0.003	0.480	0.034
ƩSFA	82.22^a	71.53^a	46.12^b	28.71^c	6.510	0.000	0.013	0.043
UFA Profile
C16:1	1.39^b	1.53^b	2.61^a	2.84^a	0.206	0.000	0.339	0.018
C18:1cis 9	27.73^b	36.53^ba	46.68^a	48.02^a	2.840	0.007	0.223	0.013
C18:2 n−6	1.52^b	1.55^b	2.83^ab	3.97^a	0.331	0.001	0.129	0.015
C18:3 n−3	6.87^b	5.12^c	10.61^a	9.90^a	0.693	0.000	0.001	0.005
C22:1	0.17^bc	0.14^c	0.29^ab	0.31^a	0.024	0.003	0.899	0.014
ƩUFA	37.68^b	44.88^b	63.01^a	65.04^a	3.820	0.001	0.285	0.015
MUFA	29.29^b	38.21^ab	49.57^a	51.17^a	3.040	0.005	0.218	0.037
PUFA	8.39^b	6.67^b	13.44^a	13.87^a	0.969	0.000	0.178	0.044
PUFA/SFA	0.10^c	0.09^c	0.29^b	0.49^a	0.051	0.000	0.023	0.016
n6/n3	0.22^b	0.30^ab	0.27^ab	0.40^a	0.025	0.093	0.024	0.048

Notes: Prob.: Probiotic, Conc.: Concentrate, SEM: Standard error of the mean, SFA: Saturated fatty acids, UFA: Unsaturated fatty acids

a,b,c^,Mean values with different superscripts on the same row differ significantly (p<0.05).

Pauzenga, U. (1985). Feeding parent stock. Zootecnica International, 17, 22–24.

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