The effects of whole-plant silage maize as replacement commercial feed on the growth performance, carcase yield, relatively organ weight, blood biochemical, and economical traits in Holdobaki Goose

Figures & data

Table 1. Ingredients and nutrient compositions of experimental diets

Items	Diet
	0SM	15SM	30SM	50SM
Ingredient, %
Maize	65.53	59.30	53.06	44.74
Soybean meal (43% CP)	27.24	27.50	27.77	28.13
Methionine	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Baking soda	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Salt	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Soybean oil	2.07	2.07	2.07	2.07
Premix^2	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
Stone powder	2.00	3.15	4.30	5.83
Cystine	0.07	0.08	0.09	0.10
Calcium hydrogen phosphate	0.39	0.40	0.41	0.43
whole-plant Silage maize	0.00	4.8	9.6	16
Total	100	100	100	100
Nutritional level^1
ME, MJ/Kg	11.37	11.20	10.98	10.86
CP, %	15.11	14.80	14.11	14.02
CF, %	3.55	4.97	6.02	7.41
Lysine, %	1.01	1.01	1.01	1.01
Methionine, %	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45
Cystine, %	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
Calcium, %	1.60	1.49	1.45	1.44
Non-phytate, %	0.50	0.49	0.48	0.46
Arginine, %	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.20

¹Analyzed values given for metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), and available phosphorus (P).Calculated values given for lysine, methionine, cysteine, and arginine.

²Provided per kg of diet: Vitamin A 7000 IU, Vitamin B1 1 mg, Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) 10 mg, Pantothenic acid 5 mg, Vitamin B6 3 mg, Vitamin B12 10 mg, Vitamin D3 2500 IU, Vitamin E 40 IU, Vitamin K3 2 mg, biotin 100 mg, folic acid 1 mg, niacin 40 mg, choline 200 g; Cu 8 mg, Fe 40 mg, Mn 50 mg, Zn 60 mg, I 0.3 mg, Se 0.4 mg.

0SM control group, 15SM 15% whole-plant silage maize + 85% concentrate feed, 30SM 30% whole-plant silage maize + 70% concentrate feed, 50SM 50% whole-plant silage maize 50% concentrate feed.

Table 2. Chemical composition of whole-plant silage maize

Items	Nutrients
Dry matter, % CP, %	32 8.61
ME, MJ/kg	15.91
Lysine, %	0.90
Methionine+ Cystine, %	0.66
Threonine, %	0.63
CF, %	22.56

Table 3. Effects of whole-plant silage maize replacing commercial feed on the growth performance of Holdobaki geese

Item	Diet treatment				P-value
	0SM	15SM	30SM	50SM
IBW, g	2522.28±168.01	2521.75±169.33	2526.22±168.45	2521.75±169.31	0.999
FBW, g	4818.00±588.92^A	4724.31±461.99^A	4693.88±534.69^A	4267.65±543.00^B	P, 0.001
ADG, g	85.03±17.89^A	81.58±14.12^A	80.28±16.31^A	64.67±16.17^B	P, 0.001
FCR	5.23±0.33^C	6.85±0.91^B	6.59±0.43^B	9.48±0.44^A	P, 0.001
ADFI, g	444.05±93.71^C	556.03±98.80^B	527.67±106.31^B	612.47±155.39^A	P, 0.001
Death rate, %	0	0	0	0	/

0SM control group, 15SM 15% whole-plant silage maize + 85% concentrate feed, 30SM 30% whole-plant silage maize + 70% concentrate feed, 50SM 50% whole-plant silage maize + 50% concentrate feed.

^A—CMeans with different superscript letters in the same row with significance different (P < 0.01).

IBW: Initial Body Weight, FBW: Final Body Weight, ADG: Average daily gain, FCR: Feed Conversion Ratio ADFI: Average Daily Feed Intake

Table 4. Effects of whole-plant silage maize replacing commercial feed on the carcase yield of Holdobaki geese

Items	Diet treatment				P-value
	0SM	15SM	30SM	50SM
Carcass yield,%	81.47±1.00	80.06±0.48	80.35±2.08	81.58±0.73	0.436
Eviscerated carcass yield, %	71.03±1.84	71.29±1.70	73.02±5.56	71.98±2.24	0.716
Pectoral major muscle yield, %	12.94±1.65	13.56±1.55	14.51±1.44	14.08±1.57	0.584
Leg muscle yield, %	16.01±1.37	16.19±1.68	15.77±2.58	17.28±2.37	0.481
Abdominal fat yield, %	5.23±3.00^a	4.92±0.61^a	4.49±1.98^a	3.11±1.73^b	0.026

0SM control group, 15SM 15% whole-plant silage maize + 85% concentrate feed, 30SM 30% whole-plant silage maize + 70% concentrate feed, 50SM 50% whole-plant silage maize 50% concentrate feed.

^a–bMeans with different superscript letters in the same row differ significantly (P < 0.05).

Table 5. Effects of whole-plant silage maize replacing commercial feed on the relative organ weight of Holdobaki geese

Items	Diet treatment				P-value
	0SM	15SM	30SM	50SM
Gizzard yield, %	5.36±0.57^c	6.81±0.94^b	6.76±1.08^b	8.23±1.04^a	0.002
Liver yield, %	2.09±0.13	1.99±0.05	1.85±0.04	1.84±0.04	0.100
Spleen yield, %	0.09±0.00	0.07±0.01	0.07±0.01	0.07±0.00	0.244
Heart yield, %	0.75±0.03	0.79±0.03	0.74±0.02	0.80±0.06	0.607

0SM control group, 15SM 15% whole-plant silage maize + 85% concentrate feed, 30SM 30% whole-plant silage maize + 70% concentrate feed, 50SM 50% whole-plant silage maize 50% concentrate feed.

Table 6. Effects of whole-plant silage maize replacing commercial feed on the blood biochemical of Holdobaki geese

Items	Diet treatment				P value
	0SM	15SM	30SM	50SM
AST, U/L	22.00±11.67	17.57±1.24	20.88±1.95	18.88±1.17	0.806
ALT, U/L	8.63±1.24	10.43±0.94	12.50±0.96	14.63±1.35	0.214
AKP, U/L	255.00±25.95	304.57±14.77	312.88±13.38	370.13±23.17	0.313
TP, g/L	29.63±2.46	34.80±2.64	35.38±3.00	35.06±4.91	0.680
ALB, g/L	10.33±0.93	11.91±1.16	12.84±0.64	12.35±0.45	0.535
GLOB, g/L	19.30±1.59	22.89±1.99	22.54±1.78	22.71±1.55	0.749
BUN, mmol/L	0.51±0.02^A	0.29±0.07^B	0.30±0.04^B	0.48±0.03^A	0.009
GLU, mmol/L	7.29±0.89	7.30±0.85	7.16±0.19	7.44±0.76	0.997
TC, mmol/L	2.50±0.28	2.96±0.34	3.58±0.25	3.59±0.22	0.229
TG, mmol/L	1.12±0.06^A	0.79±0.08^AB	0.63±0.09^B	0.43±0.02^B	0.010
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.51±0.09	1.91±0.07	2.30±0.08	2.29±0.08	0.074
LDL-C, mmol/L	0.60±0.09	0.71±0.07	0.98±0.08	1.01±0.03	0.072

0SM control group, 15SM 15% whole-plant silage maize + 85% concentrate feed, 30SM 30% whole-plant silage maize + 70% concentrate feed, 50SM 50% whole-plant silage maize 50% concentrate feed.

^A—BMeans with different superscript letters in the same row differ extremely significantly (P ≤0.01).

TP: total protein, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AKP: alkaline phosphatase, ALB: albumin, GLOB: globulin, BUN: blood urea nitrogen, GLU: glucose, TC: total cholesterol, TG: total triglycerides, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Table 7. Effects of whole-plant silage maize replacing commercial feed on the economic traits of Holdobaki geese

Item	0SM	15SM	30SM	50SM
5–9 weeks feed cost, $	6.13	6.53	5.09	4.23
5–9 weeks silage maize cost, $	0.00	0.14	0.26	0.51
Carcass value, $	9.64	9.49	9.66	8.66
Gizzard value, $	0.73	0.90	1.00	0.76
Liver value, $	0.14	0.13	0.13	0.10
Cost of a single gosling, $	3.52	3.52	3.52	3.52
Economic benefit per goose, $	0.86	0.33	1.92	1.26

Silage maize :0.06 $/kg, commercial feed:0.49 $/kg, liver: 1.69 $/kg, gizzard:3.52$/kg, gosling: 3.52 $/piece, goose meat: 2.82 $/kg/

0SM control group, 15SM 15% whole-plant silage maize + 85% concentrate feed, 30SM 30% whole-plant silage maize + 70% concentrate feed, 50SM 50% whole-plant silage maize 50% concentrate feed.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available in “figshare” at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.23689395