Economic analysis of beekeeping enterprises producing chestnut honey Black Sea region in Türkiye

Figures & data

Figure 1. Distribution map of chestnut trees in Türkiye (OGM, 2021).

Table 1. Number of enterprises included in the sampling by provinces and strata

Province	Sample size	Scale	Sample size
Kastamonu	25	Small (30–74)	22
Cankiri	16	Medium (75–149)	16
Sinop	24	Large (150 and above)	27
Total			65

Figure 2. Chestnut honey apiary visited during the fieldwork.

Table 2. Honey yield per hive in beekeeping enterprises as per the enterprise scales and provinces

Scales/provinces	Small-scale honey yield (kg)	Medium-scale honey yield (kg)	Large-scale honey yield (kg)
Lowest yield	1.39	2.11	2.14
Highest yield	8.33	12.35	6.67
Average yield	4.56	4.25	3.50
Kastamonu	4.68	3.69	3.59
Cankiri	4.06	6.45	3.41
Sinop	5.02	3.40	3.44

Table 3. Distributions of cost elements constituting the cost by scales in beekeeping enterprises

Cost elements	Small scale (%)	Medium scale (%)	Large scale (%)	General (%)
Bee feeding	23.38	25.61	30.30	28.35
Auxiliary Material	14.33	19.05	16.23	16.63
Labor	35.24	19.46	17.25	20.05
Energy	4.08	4.56	3.10	3.56
Transportation-accommodation	1.57	5.63	6.27	5.52
Maintenance repair	5.03	4.69	5.20	5.06
Veterinary medicine	3.57	4.34	5.08	4.72
Marketing	3.89	4.06	3.47	3.65
General administrative expenses	1.58	0.97	0.89	0.99
Other expenses	7.33	11.64	12.22	11.46
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Table 4. Honey production costs, sales prices, and net profit per hive by scales and provinces in beekeeping enterprises

Scales/provinces	Enterprise number (n)	Cost of 1 kg centrifugal honey (US$)	Sale price of 1 kg centrifugal honey (US$)	Net profit per hive (US$)
Small scale	24	10.52	2.51	52.83
Medium scale	21	10.67	22.49	46.47
Large scale	29	12.34	22.49	46.47
Kastamonu	28	11.64	24.32	52.39
Cankiri	19	9.17	14.01	24.40
Sinop	27	12.38	23.98	49.43
General	74	11.27	21.55	44.12

Table 5. Comparison of intergroup unit cost, sale price, and profit per hive

	Groups	Test statistics	Std. error	p-value
	Small–Medium	−5.214	6.426	1.000
Unit cost	Small–Large*	−14.937	5.953	.036
	Medium–Large	−9.722	6.162	.344
	Cankiri–Kastamonu*	19.041	6.392	.009
Unit cost	Cankiri–Sinop*	24.610	6.440	.000
	Kastamonu–Sinop	−5.569	5.801	1.000
Sale price	Interscale	1.895		.388
	Cankiri–Kastamonu*	36.789	6.351	.000
Sale price	Cankiri–Sinop*	36.787	6.398	.000
	Kastamonu–Sinop	0.002	5.763	1.000
Profit per hive	Interscale	4.452		.108
	Cankiri–Kastamonu*	20.729	6.392	.004
Profit per hive	Cankiri–Sinop*	15.936	6.440	.040
	Kastamonu–Sinop	4.794	5.801	1.000

*p < 0.05

Table 6. Pearson’s correlation coefficients of dependent and independent variables included in regression analysis

Variable	Unit cost	Bee Feeding	Aux. material	Labor	Veterinary medication	Generaladministration exp.	Other exp.	Energy	Marketing
Unit cost	1.000	0.230	0.219	0.499	0.580	.441	.631	0.548	−0.047
Bee feeding	0.230	1.000	0.686	−0.489	0.344	−.080	.407	−0.032	0.790
Aux. material	0.219	0.686	1.000	−0.474	0.105	−.250	.289	−0.035	0.594
Labor	0.499	−0.489	−0.474	1.000	0.092	.399	.044	0.365	−0.612
Veterinary medication	0.580	0.344	0.105	0.092	1.000	.314	.474	0.256	0.156
General administration exp.	0.441	−0.080	−0.250	0.399	0.314	1.000	.153	0.211	−0.048
Other exp.	0.631	0.407	0.289	0.044	0.474	.153	1.000	0.136	0.221
Energy	0.548	−0.032	−0.035	0.365	0.256	.211	.136	1.000	−0.190
Marketing	−0.047	0.790	0.594	−0.612	0.156	−.048	.221	−0.190	1.000

Table 7. Estimated unit cost regression analysis results for 1 kg of honey

Parameters		N	β	Std. error	t	Sig.	Adj. R^2	F	Sig. F	Tolerance	VIF
Fixed		74	0.556	0.108		<0.001	0.865	78.633	<0.001
Aux. mat.	X2	74	0.156	0.022	5.169	<0.001				0.653	1.532
Labor	X3	74	0.394	0.045	7.155	<0.001				0.593	1.687
Veterinary medication	X4	74	0.120	0.028	8.718	<0.001				0.687	1.456
General administration exp.	X5	74	0.112	0.033	4.226	<0.001				0.747	1.338
Other exp.	X6	74	0.160	0.025	3.401	<0.001				0.697	1.434
Energy	X7	74	0.059	0.012	6.507	<0.001				0.802	1.247

OGM. (2021). Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Türkiye Forest Presence. OGM Publications. ISBN 978-605-7599-68-1.

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