Understanding farmers’ intention to adopt sustainable agriculture in Sikkim: The role of environmental consciousness and attitude

Figures & data

Figure 1. Showing conceptual framework with hypotheses.

Table 1. Showing demographic characteristics of participating farmers

Demographic Characteristics of Participating Farmers
Demographic Variable	Category	Frequency	Percent	Cumulative Percent
Gender	Male	262	68.2	68.2
	Female	122	31.8	100.0
Age	18 to 33 years	35	9.1	9.1
	34 to 49 years	176	45.8	54.9
	50 and above years	173	45.1	100.0
Household Size	Less than seven	360	93.8	93.8
	Seven and above	24	6.2	100.0
Education	Primary Schooling	87	22.7	22.7
	Secondary Schooling	231	60.2	82.9
	High Schooling & above	66	17.2	100.0
Farm Size	Under two hectares	311	81.0	81.0
	Two hectares and above	73	19.0	100.0
Farming Experience	Under ten years	47	12.2	12.2
	Ten to Fifteen years	159	41.4	53.6
	Above fifteen years	178	46.4	100.0
Farming Income	Under $2,000	271	70.6	70.6
	Above $2,000	113	29.4	100.0

Figure 2. Structural equation modeling.

Table 2. Showing direct effect hypothesis with t statistics and p values

Direct Effect Hypotheses
Hypotheses		Original sample (O)	Sample mean (M)	Standard deviation (STDEV)	T statistics (|O/STDEV|)	P values	Supported
H1	AT -> IN	0.388	0.386	0.044	8.763	0.000	Yes
H2	EC -> AT	0.243	0.246	0.047	5.185	0.000	Yes
H3	EC -> IN	0.424	0.425	0.038	11.233	0.000	Yes
H4	EC -> PBC	0.086	0.086	0.039	2.188	0.029	Yes
H5	EC -> SN	0.377	0.379	0.050	7.483	0.000	Yes
H6	KN -> AT	−0.145	−0.147	0.060	2.417	0.016	Yes
H7	KN -> IN	−0.052	−0.053	0.048	1.093	0.274	No
H8	KN -> PBC	0.638	0.639	0.037	17.329	0.000	Yes
H9	KN -> SN	−0.031	−0.031	0.048	0.630	0.528	No
H10	KN -> EC	0.272	0.272	0.049	5.505	0.000	Yes
H11	PBC -> AT	−0.051	−0.050	0.066	0.765	0.445	No
H12	PBC -> IN	−0.148	−0.148	0.048	3.074	0.002	Yes
H13	SN -> AT	0.409	0.408	0.046	8.878	0.000	Yes
H14	SN -> IN	0.158	0.158	0.040	3.996	0.000	Yes

Table 3. Showing mediation hypothesis with t statistics and p values

Indirect Effect Hypotheses
Hypotheses		Original sample (O)	Sample mean (M)	Standard deviation (STDEV)	T statistics (|O/STDEV|)	P values	Supported
H15	KN -> AT -> IN	−0.056	−0.056	0.023	2.413	0.016	Yes
H16	EC -> AT -> IN	0.094	0.095	0.020	4.765	0.000	Yes
H17	PBC -> AT -> IN	−0.020	−0.020	0.026	0.761	0.447	No
H18	SN -> AT -> IN	0.159	0.158	0.027	5.855	0.000	Yes
H19	KN -> PBC -> AT	−0.032	−0.032	0.042	0.766	0.444	No
H20	EC -> PBC -> AT	−0.004	−0.005	0.007	0.643	0.520	No
H21	KN -> PBC -> IN	−0.094	−0.094	0.030	3.110	0.002	Yes
H22	EC -> PBC -> IN	−0.013	−0.013	0.008	1.634	0.102	No
H23	EC -> SN -> IN	0.060	0.060	0.016	3.640	0.000	Yes
H24	EC -> SN -> AT	0.154	0.155	0.026	6.010	0.000	Yes
H25	KN -> SN -> IN	−0.005	−0.005	0.008	0.601	0.548	No
H26	KN -> SN -> AT	−0.013	−0.012	0.020	0.627	0.530	No
H27	KN -> EC -> IN	0.115	0.116	0.023	4.945	0.000	Yes
H28	KN -> EC -> AT	0.066	0.067	0.018	3.676	0.000	Yes
H29	KN -> EC -> PBC	0.023	0.023	0.012	2.002	0.045	Yes
H30	KN -> EC -> SN	0.103	0.103	0.023	4.395	0.000	Yes

Figure 3. Showing importance-performance map.

Data availability statement

The dataset generated and analyzed during the current study is available at: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/4mhjk63xz6/1