Comparative nutritional evaluation of the leaves of Bambusa balcooa (Beema) and Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro bamboos, and the straws of AGRA and AMANKWATIA rice varieties

Figures & data

Table 1. Analytical proximate compositions and detergent fibre fractions of bamboo leaves and rice straws

Compositions (gkg^−1 DM)
Plant Biomass	DM	OM	CP	CF	EE	ASH	NDF	ADF	ADL
^aBamboo leaves
O. abyssinica	918.00^a	879.30^a	128.00^a	269.00^ab	40.50^a	140.80^b	514.30^c	334.30^c	30.00^c
B. balcooa	924.70^a	842.00^b	104.80^b	273.20^a	44.30^a	179.00^a	522.00^c	355.00^c	51.00^b
^bStraws
AGRA	893.30^b	871.00^a	70.90^c	282.80^a	7.90^a	129.00^b	589.90^a	426.70^b	108.70^a
AMANKWATIA	872.30^c	834.80^b	66.80^c	227.20^b	14.40^a	165.20^a	578.80^b	457.70^a	112.00^a
SEM	0.507	0.631	0.902	0.828	0.564	0.631	0.959	1.690	1.2400
P-value	<0.001	0.004	<0.001	0.025	0.065	0.004	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Within column, parameters with similar superscripts (a, b, c) are not significantly different (p > 0.05). SEM = standard error of means.

DM=dry matter; OM = Organic matter; CP =crude protein; CF = crude fibre; EE =ether extract; ADF=acid detergent fibre; NDF = neutral detergent fibre; ADL = acid detergent lignin.

^aBamboo leaves = Bambusa balcooa (Beema), Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro.

^bStraws =AGRA and AMANKWATIA rice varieties.

Figure 1. Average proximate and fibre pools for bamboo leaves (Bambusa balcooa (Beema) and Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro) and rice straws (AGRA and AMANKWATIA rice varieties). Data bars with similar superscripts (a, b) are not significantly different (p > 0.05.

Table 2. Estimated forage quality indices for bamboo leaves and rice straws

Plant Biomass	DMI, % BW	DMD, %	RFV	*Forage Quality Grading
^aBamboo leaves
O. abyssinica	1.97^c	87.44^a	133.42^b	premium
B. balcooa	2.28^a	85.81^b	150.86^a	premium
^bStraws
AGRA	2.035^bc	80.44^c	126.86^b	premium
AMANKWATIA	2.073^b	80.17^c	128.86^b	premium
SEM	0.035	0.965	2.860
P-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Within column, parameters with similar superscripts (a, b, c) are not significantly different (p > 0.05). SEM = standard error of means.

DMI = dry matter intake; DMD = digestible dry matter; RFV = relative feed value;

*Quality Grading Standard assigned by The Hay Marketing Task Force of the American Forage and Grassland Council, the RFV were assessed as roughages based on prime >151; 1 (premium) = 151–125; 2 (good) = 124–103; 3 (fair) = 102–87; 4 (poor) = 86–75; 5(reject) < 75 (Rohweder et al., 1978).

^aBamboo = Bambusa balcooa (Beema), Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro.

^bStraws =AGRA and AMANKWATIA rice varieties.

Figure 2. Average relative quality indices of Bambusa balcooa (Beema) and Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro and rice straws (AGRA and AMANKWATIA rice varieties). Data bars with similar superscripts (a, b) are not significantly different (p > 0.05); DMI (% BW) = dry matter intake; DDM (%) = digestible dry matter; RFV = relative feed value.

Table 3. Gas production (at 96 h in vitro incubation), degradation kinetics (b and c), calculated ME, NEL and OMD for bamboo leaves and rice straws

Plant Biomass	96 h	b	c	OMD	ME	NEL
^aBamboo leaves
O. abyssinica	10.16^a	10.53^a	0.067^b	36.55^ab	3.93^a	1.72^a
B. balcooa	9.50^a	9.96^a	0.090^ab	39.03^a	4.00^a	1.87^a
^bStraws
AGRA	6.27^b	6.38^b	0.070^ab	31.29^c	3.35^b	0.99^b
AMANKWATIA	5.64^b	5.94^b	0.089^a	33.32^bc	3.30^b	1.03^b
SEM	0.638	0.657	0.005	0.793	0.099	0.128
P-value	0.001	0.001	0.030	<0.001	<0.001	0.001

Within column, parameters with similar superscripts (a, b, c) are not significantly different (p > 0.05). SEM = standard error of means

96 h = 96-hour net gas production (mL/200 mg); b (ml)= insoluble (but with time fermentable) fraction; c = the gas production rate constant for the insoluble fraction (ml/h), OMD = organic matter digestibility (%), ME = metabolizable energy (MJ/kg DM), NEL = net energy lactation (MJ/kg DM).

^aBamboo leaves= Bambusa balcooa (Beema), Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro;

^bStraws =AGRA and AMANKWATIA rice varieties.

Figure 3. Cumulative in vitro gas production (mL/200gdm) patterns for Bambusa balcooa (Beema) and Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro and rice straws (AGRA and AMANKWATIA rice varieties). Data points (ml) are means of triplicates samples (n =3) per 200mgDM.

Table 4. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) between nutrient compositions, in vitro net gas, and degradation kinetics

	CP	ASH	ADF	NDF	ADL	OMD	ME	NEL	96	b	c
ASH	−.118	-
ADF	−.959*	0.108	-
NDF	.092	−0.55	0.004	-
ADL	−.977*	0.090	0.955*	0.014	-
OMD	.722*	0.558	−0.736*	−0.425	−0.761*	-
ME	.922*	0.116	−0.929*	−0.238	−0.948*	0.885*	-
NEL	.886*	0.238	−0.866*	−0.274	−0.886*	0.907*	0.974*	-
96	.897*	−0.129	−0.895*	0.002	−0.952*	0.712*	0.909*	0.824*	-
b	.881*	−0.079	−0.900*	−0.145	−0.941*	0.757*	0.946*	0.864*	0.981*	-
c	−.536	0.731*	0.455	−0.385	0.536	0.006	−0.416	−0.331	−0.604*	−0.582*	-

*Significant (p < 0.05); NDF= Neutral detergent fibre, ADF=Acid detergent fibre; CP= Crude protein; ADL= Acid detergent lignin; 96 = 96-hour net gas production; b = insoluble (but with time fermentable) fraction; c = the gas production rate constant for the insoluble fraction, OMD = organic matter digestibility, ME = metabolizable energy, NEL = net energy lactation

Rohweder, D., Barnes, R. F., & Jorgensen, N. (1978). Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. Journal of Animal Science, 47(3), 747–759. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1978.473747x

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar