Spatial analysis of carbon source and sink in China’s planting industry from 2000 to 2020

Figures & data

Table 1. Regional division concerning carbon sources and carbon sinks

Parts	Economic zones	Provincial administrative regions
East Part	North Coast	Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong
	East Coast	Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang
	South Coast	Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan
Central Part	Middle Reaches of the Yellow River	Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Inner Mongolia
	Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River	Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui
West Part	Great Southwest	Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangxi
	Great Northwest	Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Tibet, Xinjiang
Northeast Part	Northeast	Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang

Table 2. Carbon emission coefficients of different agricultural input factors

Carbon sources	Carbon emission coefficients	Unit
Fertilizer	0.8956	kg（C）·kg^−1
Pesticide	4.9341	kg（C）·kg^−1
Agricultural film	5.18	kg（C）·kg^−1
Diesel	0.5927	kg（C）·kg^−1
Irrigation	266.48	kg（C）·hm^−2

Table 3. Economic coefficients and carbon absorption rates of main crops

Varieties	Economic coefficients	Water content	Carbon absorption rates	Varieties	Economic coefficients	Water content	Carbon absorption rates
Paddy	0.45	12%	0.414	Cotton	0.10	8%	0.450
Wheat	0.40	12%	0.485	Potatoes	0.70	70%	0.423
Corn	0.40	13%	0.471	Tobacco leaf	0.55	85%	0.450
Beans	0.34	13%	0.450	Vegetables	0.60	90%	0.450
Peanut	0.43	10%	0.450	Melons and fruits	0.70	90%	0.450
Rapeseed	0.25	10%	0.450	Others	0.40	12%	0.450

Figure 1. Overall characteristics of carbon sources of planting industry in China during 2000–2020(ten thousand tons).

Figure 2. Overall characteristics of planting carbon sinks in China from 2000 to 2020 (ten thousand tons).

Figure 3. Overall characteristics of net carbon sinks of planting industry in China from 2000 to 2020(ten thousand tons).

Figure 4. Regional distribution of carbon sources, carbon sinks and net carbon sinks of planting industry during 2000–2020 (a: carbon sources; b: carbon sinks; c:net carbon sinks, ten thousand tons).

Figure 5. Interprovincial distribution of planting carbon sources in China, 2000–2020 (ten thousand tons).

Figure 6. Interprovincial distribution of carbon sinks in China’s planting industry from 2000 to 2020 (ten thousand tons).

Figure 7. Provincial distribution of planting industry net carbon sinks in China from 2000 to 2020 (ten thousand tons).

Table 4. Descriptive statistics table for main variables

Variable	Obs	Mean	Min	Max
Fertilizer application	651	169.62	2.5	716.1
pesticides	651	5.06	0.06	17.35
agricultural film	651	6.78	0.01	34.35
irrigation	651	1959.17	109.2	6177.6
carbon emissions	651	309.82	7.63	1021.48
rice	651	628.06	0.00	2896.2
wheat	651	367.96	0.00	3753.1
corn	651	590.82	0.00	3982.2
carbon sink	651	2345.38	38.566	9532.35

Table 5. Theil index of carbon sources from 2000 to 2020

Years	$T_{wr}$	$T_{br}$	Theil index	Years	$T_{wr}$	$T_{br}$	Theil index
2000	0.006	0.008	0.014	2011	0.010	0.004	0.015
2001	0.007	0.007	0.014	2012	0.010	0.005	0.015
2002	0.005	0.007	0.013	2013	0.010	0.006	0.016
2003	0.006	0.007	0.013	2014	0.012	0.008	0.020
2004	0.007	0.006	0.012	2015	0.016	0.012	0.028
2005	0.008	0.007	0.015	2016	0.017	0.017	0.034
2006	0.006	0.007	0.014	2017	0.022	0.019	0.042
2007	0.008	0.005	0.013	2018	0.020	0.022	0.042
2008	0.008	0.005	0.013	2019	0.023	0.026	0.049
2009	0.008	0.005	0.013	2020	0.023	0.023	0.046
2010	0.010	0.003	0.013

Table 6. Theil index of regional carbon sources from 2000 to 2020

Economic zones	2000	2005	2010	2015	2020
North Coast	0.004	0.014	0.003	0.003	0.001
East Coast	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.012	0.009
South Coast	0.012	0.011	0.003	0.001	0.005
Middle Reaches of the Yellow River	0.005	0.005	0.008	0.013	0.028
Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River	0.005	0.011	0.023	0.026	0.026
Great Southwest	0.009	0.006	0.019	0.036	0.034
Great Northwest	0.015	0.006	0.003	0.007	0.006
Northeast	0.007	0.002	0.005	0.017	0.052

Table 7. Theil index of carbon sinks from 2000 to 2020

Years	$T_{wr}$	$T_{br}$	Theil index	Years	$T_{wr}$	$T_{br}$	Theil index
2000	0.031	0.026	0.057	2011	0.064	0.042	0.106
2001	0.038	0.030	0.069	2012	0.070	0.037	0.107
2002	0.049	0.041	0.090	2013	0.072	0.037	0.110
2003	0.045	0.046	0.091	2014	0.076	0.033	0.109
2004	0.042	0.039	0.081	2015	0.077	0.031	0.108
2005	0.039	0.041	0.080	2016	0.076	0.037	0.114
2006	0.045	0.041	0.086	2017	0.082	0.041	0.123
2007	0.061	0.047	0.108	2018	0.084	0.036	0.120
2008	0.066	0.048	0.115	2019	0.087	0.040	0.127
2009	0.065	0.043	0.107	2020	0.086	0.035	0.121
2010	0.062	0.047	0.109

Table 8. Theil index of regional carbon sinks from 2000 to 2020

Economic zones	2000	2005	2010	2015	2020
North Coast	0.009	0.006	0.003	0.005	0.004
East Coast	0.004	0.030	0.033	0.026	0.042
South Coast	0.032	0.026	0.050	0.061	0.079
Middle Reaches of the Yellow River	0.003	0.008	0.023	0.051	0.108
Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River	0.000	0.006	0.025	0.027	0.034
Great Southwest	0.079	0.118	0.176	0.213	0.208
Great Northwest	0.030	0.026	0.025	0.044	0.040
Northeast	0.072	0.025	0.046	0.055	0.051