Adoption of sustainable certification in West Borneo palm oil farmers: The role of environmental concern

Figures & data

Figure 1. Research model.

Table 1. Variables Indicators

Symbol	Indicators	Source
Environmental Concern (EC)
X11	My activity must contribute to the environment	Ibrahim et al. (2021); Lau et al. (2020); Shalender & Sharma, (2021)
X12	The environment is important to me
X13	I will involve the environmental activity, including the intention to implement sustainable practice
Attitude Toward Behavior (ATB)
X21	Sustainable certification is a good practice	Cahyadi et al. (2021); Huat et al. (2017)
X22	Sustainable certification is valuable
X23	Sustainable certification is required
X24	Sustainable certification is important
Subjective Norm (SN)
X31	My farmer friends advise joining a sustainable certification	Cahyadi et al. (2021); Huat et al. (2017)
X32	My farmer group advises joining a sustainable certification
X33	The palm company around me advises joining a sustainable certification
X34	Non-governmental organizations n around me advise joining a sustainable certification
Perceived Behavior Control (PBC)
X41	I already have a budget for joining a sustainable certification	Cahyadi et al. (2021); Huat et al. (2017)
X42	I am not worried about joining a sustainable certification
X43	I already have the confidence to join a sustainable certification
Intention To Adopt (ITA)
Y11	I will practically plant in accordance with the principle of sustainable certification	Cahyadi et al. (2021); Huat et al. (2017)
Y12	I will join a sustainable certification
Y13	I will invite my farmer friends to join a sustainable certification

Table 2. Descriptive data of respondents

Characteristic	Category	Respondents	Percentage (%)
Gender	Male	159	93.5%
	Female	11	6.5%
Age	15–24	11	6.5%
	25–34	24	14.1%
	35–44	36	21.2%
	45–54	66	38.8%
	>54	33	19.4%
Education	Not attended school	3	1.8%
	Elementary School	53	31.2%
	Junior High School	33	19.4%
	Senior High School	64	37.6%
	University	17	10.0%
Experience	<1 year	2	1.2%
	1–3 years	25	14.7%
	3–5 years	51	30.0%
	>5 years	92	54.1%
Income	<Rp 2,000,000	103	60.6%
	Rp 2,000,001–4,000,000	37	21.8%
	Rp 4,000,001–6,000,000	14	8.2%
	Rp 6,000,001–8,000,000	6	3.5%
	>Rp 8,000,000	10	5.9%

Table 3. Results of composite reliability (rho a), and average variance extracted testing

Variables	CR	AVE
Attitude Toward Behavior	0.968	0.904
Perceived Behavior Control	0.843	0.754
Subjective Norm	0.981	0.941
Environmental Concern	0.831	0.730
Intention To Adopt	0.871	0.769

(Value below 0.90) indicated our estimation is fit, respectively.

Table 4. Goodness of fit Indicators

Goodness of Fit Indicators	Saturated model	Estimated model
SRMR	0.060	0.299
d_ULS	0.556	13,707
d_G	0.532	0.849
Chi-square	561,605	757,219
NFI	0.832	0.773

Table 5. Hypotheses testing

Hypothesis	Original sample (O)	T statistics (|O/STDEV|)	P values
H1: Attitude Toward Behaviour -> Intention to Adopt	0.242	2.866	0.004
H2: Subjective Norm -> Intention to Adopt	0.311	3.861	0.000
H3: Perceived Behavioural Control -> Intention to Adopt	0.355	4.689	0.000
H4: Environmental Concern -> Intention to Adopt	0.050	1.237	0.216
H5: Environmental Concern -> Attitude Toward Behaviour	0.219	3.041	0.002
H6: Environmental Concern -> Subjective Norm	−0.103	1.894	0.058
H7: Environmental Concern -> Perceived Behavioral Control	−0.031	0.507	0.612

Figure 2. R-Square and Results of Hypotheses Testing.

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