Effects of vermicompost applications on chlorophyll content and flag leaf area in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Figures & data

Figure 1. Paddy pods from the experiment.

Figure 2. The effects of foliar vermicompost applications on the amount of chlorophyll.

Figure 3. The effects of vermicompost applications applied from the soil on the amount of chlorophyll according to the days.

Figure 4. The application stages of the experiment.

Table 1. Mean squares and significance levels of cultivars, treatments, doses and interactions on chlorophyll content

	Sd	Sum of Squares	Mean Squares	F	p	Partial eta-squared
Cultivar	2	337.440	168.720	31.080	<0.001	0.156
Application	1	35.240	35.240	6.490	0.011	0.019
Dose	3	37.270	12.420	2.290	0.078	0.020
Time	6	6271.190	1045.200	192.520	<0.001	0.775
Cultivar * Application	2	6.960	3.480	0.640	0.528	0.004
Cultivar *Dose	6	39.860	6.640	1.220	0.294	0.021
Cultivar *Time	12	336.690	28.060	5.170	<0.001	0.156
Application*Dose	3	26.660	8.890	1.640	0.181	0.014
Application*Time	6	40.870	6.810	1.250	0.278	0.022
Dose*Time	18	67.910	3.770	0.690	0.816	0.036
Cultivar *Application*Dose	6	79.110	13.180	2.430	0.026	0.042
Cultivar *Application*Time	12	121.910	10.160	1.870	0.037	0.063
Cultivar*Dose*Time	36	174.040	4.830	0.890	0.653	0.087
Application*Dose*Time	18	89.650	4.980	0.920	0.558	0.047
Cultivar*Application*Dose*Time	36	148.150	4.120	0.760	0.843	0.075

SD:Degrees of freedom, F: Analysis of variance test statistic, R2 = %81.16, Adjusted R2 = %71.77.

Table 2. Descriptive statistics and multiple comparison results of chlorophyll content

Application	Dose	Time	Cultivar			Total
			Efe	Halilbey	Baldo
From Soil Application	0.7	1st measurement	26.91 ± 3.26	27.64 ± 2.11	26.80 ± 2.76	27.11 ± 2.41
		Day 16	33.85 ± 1.62	36.95 ± 0.53	36.83 ± 0.94	35.88 ± 1.80
		Day 26	31.95 ± 3.89	33.83 ± 0.98	33.40 ± 0.98	33.06 ± 2.23
		Day 36	26.15 ± 2.54	27.57 ± 0.56	27.65 ± 1.84	27.12 ± 1.75
		Day 46	32.22 ± 1.92	30.01 ± 2.71	32.79 ± 2.04	31.67 ± 2.33
		Day 57	33.38 ± 0.33	33.89 ± 3.16	32.69 ± 2.63	33.32 ± 2.13
		Day 67	33.67 ± 1.48	33.90 ± 1.73	34.95 ± 1.00	34.17 ± 1.38
		Total	31.16 ± 3.69^BCDE	31.97 ± 3.78^ABCDE	32.16 ± 3.82^ABCD	31.76 ± 3.73
	1.4	1st measurement	30.67 ± 4.85	26.02 ± 2.01	25.24 ± 1.94	27.31 ± 3.78
		Day 16	32.80 ± 2.06	36.51 ± 2.81	37.09 ± 2.00	35.47 ± 2.85
		Day 26	30.77 ± 2.91	32.83 ± 1.06	33.93 ± 1.63	32.51 ± 2.23
		Day 36	25.51 ± 1.96	26.53 ± 0.65	28.49 ± 1.78	26.84 ± 1.89
		Day 46	31.33 ± 3.21	31.08 ± 1.38	34.47 ± 1.85	32.29 ± 2.56
		Day 57	33.87 ± 2.14	35.90 ± 2.19	38.11 ± 3.25	35.96 ± 2.89
		Day 67	35.17 ± 0.62	34.41 ± 0.43	37.89 ± 1.99	35.82 ± 1.91
		Total	31.44 ± 3.77^ABCDE	31.90 ± 4.28^ABCDE	33.60 ± 5.03^AB	32.31 ± 4.42
	2.1	1st measurement	23.14 ± 6.38	26.65 ± 0.82	25.45 ± 1.03	25.08 ± 3.61
		Day 16	32.37 ± 1.69	36.25 ± 1.50	36.45 ± 2.03	35.02 ± 2.50
		Day 26	29.53 ± 0.98	35.34 ± 2.99	33.15 ± 3.55	32.67 ± 3.47
		Day 36	25.09 ± 2.01	28.88 ± 3.16	25.43 ± 1.10	26.47 ± 2.66
		Day 46	29.15 ± 2.87	31.41 ± 2.40	29.83 ± 2.61	30.13 ± 2.49
		Day 57	33.79 ± 2.63	31.25 ± 2.54	34.69 ± 3.67	33.24 ± 3.02
		Day 67	33.35 ± 4.07	36.23 ± 1.81	35.63 ± 2.27	35.07 ± 2.83
		Total	29.49 ± 4.82^E	32.29 ± 4.07^ABCDE	31.52 ± 4.90^ABCDE	31.10 ± 4.69
	2.8	1st measurement	25.61 ± 2.10	27.45 ± 0.69	27.99 ± 1.18	27.02 ± 1.65
		Day 16	33.74 ± 1.05	37.95 ± 1.31	37.36 ± 0.06	36.35 ± 2.15
		Day 26	31.33 ± 0.40	35.08 ± 1.14	35.80 ± 0.49	34.07 ± 2.18
		Day 36	25.04 ± 0.64	26.47 ± 1.34	28.59 ± 1.59	26.70 ± 1.89
		Day 46	30.05 ± 3.26	32.09 ± 4.86	32.32 ± 1.08	31.49 ± 3.17
		Day 57	34.35 ± 2.39	32.73 ± 0.90	38.01 ± 0.53	35.03 ± 2.68
		Day 67	33.94 ± 2.11	33.37 ± 3.39	36.80 ± 1.56	34.70 ± 2.67
		Total	30.58 ± 4.05^CDE	32.16 ± 4.35^ABCD	33.84 ± 4.09^A	32.19 ± 4.31
	Total	1st measurement	26.58 ± 4.74^LM	26.94 ± 1.48^KLM	26.37 ± 1.97^LM	26.63 ± 3.01
		Day 16	33.19 ± 1.55^BCDEF	36.92 ± 1.63^A	36.93 ± 1.33^A	35.68 ± 2.31
		Day 26	30.90 ± 2.31^EFGHIJ	34.27 ± 1.83^ABCDEF	34.07 ± 2.04^ABCDEF	33.08 ± 2.55
		Day 36	25.45 ± 1.70^LM	27.36 ± 1.82^JKLM	27.54 ± 1.91^IJKLM	26.78 ± 2.00
		Day 46	30.69 ± 2.73^FGHIJ	31.15 ± 2.76^DEFGHI	32.35 ± 2.42^CDEFG	31.40 ± 2.66
		Day 57	33.85 ± 1.81^ABCDEF	33.44 ± 2.68^ABCDEF	35.88 ± 3.38^ABC	34.39 ± 2.84
		Day 67	34.03 ± 2.19^ABCDEF	34.48 ± 2.13^ABCDE	36.32 ± 1.91^AB	34.94 ± 2.26
		Total	30.67 ± 4.10	32.08 ± 4.05	32.78 ± 4.52	31.84 ± 4.30

a-d:No difference between main effects with the same letter, A-M: No difference between interaction groups with the same letter, mean ± s. deviation.

Table 3. Descriptive statistics and multiple comparison results of chlorophyll content

Application	Dose	Time	Cultivar			Total
			Efe	Halilbey	Baldo
From Foliar Application	0.7	1st measurement	26.55 ± 2.21	25.57 ± 2.08	23.64 ± 1.57	25.25 ± 2.14
		Day 16	32.77 ± 4.30	36.63 ± 0.61	36.56 ± 3.06	35.32 ± 3.27
		Day 26	30.41 ± 0.79	33.36 ± 1.71	38.28 ± 2.36	34.02 ± 3.76
		Day 36	24.21 ± 0.93	24.94 ± 1.01	28.91 ± 2.15	26.02 ± 2.54
		Day 46	29.35 ± 3.68	30.06 ± 1.69	30.20 ± 1.38	29.87 ± 2.17
		Day 57	34.07 ± 0.98	33.33 ± 0.66	37.25 ± 6.92	34.88 ± 3.94
		Day 67	34.90 ± 0.95	35.07 ± 1.62	35.44 ± 1.65	35.13 ± 1.27
		Total	30.32 ± 4.25^CDE	31.28 ± 4.51^ABC	32.90 ± 5.83^ABC	31.50 ± 4.95
	1.4	1st measurement	25.08 ± 1.72	26.25 ± 0.50	24.93 ± 2.92	25.42 ± 1.82
		Day 16	32.50 ± 1.33	36.14 ± 2.42	36.11 ± 1.01	35.22 ± 2.24
		Day 26	31.43 ± 0.42	34.55 ± 1.34	34.05 ± 0.74	33.34 ± 1.65
		Day 36	25.71 ± 1.81	26.16 ± 3.49	26.93 ± 1.07	26.26 ± 2.11
		Day 46	28.42 ± 1.69	31.41 ± 4.77	27.85 ± 2.12	29.23 ± 3.20
		Day 57	34.89 ± 4.02	33.99 ± 1.74	34.73 ± 0.84	34.53 ± 2.27
		Day 67	34.94 ± 2.75	34.83 ± 3.37	33.25 ± 0.65	34.34 ± 2.35
		Total	30.32 ± 4.38^CDE	31.90 ± 4.60^ABCDE	31.12 ± 4.40^BCDE	31.13 ± 4.44
	2.1	1st measurement	24.66 ± 0.31	26.94 ± 4.07	27.40 ± 1.28	26.33 ± 2.49
		Day 16	32.31 ± 1.19	34.11 ± 3.29	36.49 ± 0.83	34.30 ± 2.55
		Day 26	30.48 ± 1.05	35.03 ± 1.76	35.55 ± 2.37	33.68 ± 2.88
		Day 36	23.36 ± 2.77	28.47 ± 3.10	28.58 ± 1.72	26.80 ± 3.43
		Day 46	27.50 ± 1.32	32.69 ± 1.12	27.46 ± 4.38	29.22 ± 3.51
		Day 57	33.91 ± 0.62	31.11 ± 4.53	35.91 ± 1.86	33.64 ± 3.23
		Day 67	34.97 ± 1.40	34.29 ± 3.49	32.84 ± 0.74	34.03 ± 2.13
		Total	29.60 ± 4.47^DE	31.80 ± 4.01^ABCDE	32.03 ± 4.33^ABCDE	31.15 ± 4.35
	2.8	1st measurement	28.62 ± 4.05	26.26 ± 2.06	25.79 ± 2.33	26.89 ± 2.87
		Day 16	32.72 ± 0.61	34.79 ± 0.32	36.18 ± 1.11	34.56 ± 1.64
		Day 26	29.91 ± 1.12	33.83 ± 1.79	35.38 ± 1.73	33.04 ± 2.80
		Day 36	24.08 ± 0.51	27.35 ± 3.96	26.80 ± 1.04	26.08 ± 2.56
		Day 46	29.10 ± 1.10	34.79 ± 3.56	30.83 ± 2.65	31.57 ± 3.41
		Day 57	36.36 ± 2.13	33.97 ± 2.46	33.74 ± 3.79	34.69 ± 2.80
		Day 67	32.88 ± 1.16	34.23 ± 1.11	33.01 ± 3.38	33.37 ± 1.98
		Total	30.52 ± 4.04^CDE	32.17 ± 4.08^ABCD	31.68 ± 4.38^ABCDE	31.46 ± 4.16
	Total	1st measurement	26.23 ± 2.65^LM	26.25 ± 2.21^LM	25.44 ± 2.31^LM	25.97 ± 2.36
		Day 16	32.58 ± 2.07^BCDEFG	35.42 ± 2.06^ABC	36.34 ± 1.51^AB	34.84 ± 2.43
		Day 26	30.56 ± 0.95^FGHIJK	34.19 ± 1.56^ABCDEF	35.81 ± 2.29^ABC	33.52 ± 2.77
		Day 36	24.34 ± 1.73^M	26.73 ± 2.98^LM	27.81 ± 1.66^IJKLM	26.29 ± 2.60
		Day 46	28.59 ± 2.02^HIJKL	32.24 ± 3.24^CDEFGH	29.08 ± 2.87^GHIJKL	29.97 ± 3.14
		Day 57	34.81 ± 2.24^ABCD	33.10 ± 2.64^BCDEF	35.41 ± 3.73^ABC	34.44 ± 3.02
		Day 67	34.42 ± 1.74^ABCDE	34.60 ± 2.26^ABCDE	33.63 ± 1.99^ABCDEF	34.22 ± 1.99
		Total	30.19 ± 4.22	31.79 ± 4.24	31.93 ± 4.73	31.31 ± 4.46

a-d:No difference between main effects with the same letter, A-M: No difference between interaction groups with the same letter, mean ± s. deviation.

Table 4. Descriptive statistics and multiple comparison results of chlorophyll content

Application	Dose	Time	Cultivar			Total
			Efe	Halilbey	Baldo
Total	0.7	1st measurement	26.73 ± 2.50	26.60 ± 2.19	25.22 ± 2.65	26.18 ± 2.41
		Day 16	33.31 ± 2.97	36.79 ± 0.54	36.69 ± 2.03	35.60 ± 2.58
		Day 26	31.18 ± 2.65	33.59 ± 1.27	35.84 ± 3.12	33.54 ± 3.04
		Day 36	25.18 ± 2.01	26.26 ± 1.62	28.28 ± 1.92	26.57 ± 2.19
		Day 46	30.78 ± 3.06	30.03 ± 2.02	31.49 ± 2.11	30.77 ± 2.37
		Day 57	33.72 ± 0.76	33.61 ± 2.07	34.97 ± 5.30	34.10 ± 3.18
		Day 67	34.28 ± 1.30	34.48 ± 1.63	35.20 ± 1.25	34.65 ± 1.38
		Total	30.74 ± 3.95	31.62 ± 4.12	32.53 ± 4.88	31.63 ± 4.36
	1.4	1st measurement	27.88 ± 4.47	26.14 ± 1.31	25.09 ± 2.23	26.37 ± 3.04
		Day 16	32.68 ± 1.61	36.33 ± 2.36	36.60 ± 1.51	35.35 ± 2.50
		Day 26	31.10 ± 1.89	33.69 ± 1.43	33.99 ± 1.13	32.93 ± 1.95
		Day 36	25.61 ± 1.69	26.34 ± 2.25	27.71 ± 1.57	26.55 ± 1.97
		Day 46	29.88 ± 2.79	31.24 ± 3.14	31.16 ± 4.04	30.76 ± 3.23
		Day 57	34.38 ± 2.93	34.94 ± 2.06	36.42 ± 2.82	35.25 ± 2.63
		Day 67	35.05 ± 1.79	34.62 ± 2.16	35.57 ± 2.87	35.08 ± 2.21
		Total	30.90 ± 4.07	31.90 ± 4.39	32.36 ± 4.83	31.73 ± 4.45
	2.1	1st measurement	23.90 ± 4.13	26.80 ± 2.63	26.43 ± 1.49	25.71 ± 3.07
		Day 16	32.34 ± 1.31	35.18 ± 2.57	36.47 ± 1.39	34.66 ± 2.48
		Day 26	30.01 ± 1.05	35.18 ± 2.20	34.35 ± 3.00	33.18 ± 3.14
		Day 36	24.23 ± 2.36	28.67 ± 2.81	27.01 ± 2.15	26.64 ± 2.98
		Day 46	28.32 ± 2.19	32.05 ± 1.82	28.65 ± 3.48	29.67 ± 2.99
		Day 57	33.85 ± 1.71	31.18 ± 3.28	35.30 ± 2.69	33.44 ± 3.04
		Day 67	34.16 ± 2.87	35.26 ± 2.70	34.24 ± 2.15	34.55 ± 2.49
		Total	29.54 ± 4.59	32.04 ± 4.00	31.78 ± 4.58	31.12 ± 4.50
	2.8	1st measurement	27.12 ± 3.32	26.85 ± 1.52	26.89 ± 2.04	26.95 ± 2.27
		Day 16	33.23 ± 0.95	36.37 ± 1.93	36.77 ± 0.96	35.46 ± 2.07
		Day 26	30.62 ± 1.09	34.46 ± 1.50	35.59 ± 1.16	33.56 ± 2.49
		Day 36	24.56 ± 0.73	26.91 ± 2.69	27.70 ± 1.55	26.39 ± 2.21
		Day 46	29.58 ± 2.23	33.44 ± 4.09	31.57 ± 1.99	31.53 ± 3.19
		Day 57	35.36 ± 2.30	33.35 ± 1.79	35.88 ± 3.37	34.86 ± 2.66
		Day 67	33.41 ± 1.63	33.80 ± 2.30	34.90 ± 3.14	34.04 ± 2.38
		Total	30.55 ± 4.00	32.17 ± 4.16	32.76 ± 4.33	31.83 ± 4.24
	Total	1st measurement	26.40 ± 3.76^IJ	26.60 ± 1.87^IJ	25.91 ± 2.15^IJ	26.30 ± 2.70^d
		Day 16	32.90 ± 1.80^DEF	36.17 ± 1.97^AB	36.63 ± 1.42^A	35.27 ± 2.39^a
		Day 26	30.73 ± 1.74^FG	34.23 ± 1.66^BCD	34.94 ± 2.30^ABCD	33.30 ± 2.65^b
		Day 36	24.89 ± 1.77^J	27.05 ± 2.44^IJ	27.67 ± 1.75^HI	26.54 ± 2.32^d
		Day 46	29.64 ± 2.58^GH	31.69 ± 3.00^EFG	30.72 ± 3.09^FG	30.68 ± 2.98^c
		Day 57	34.33 ± 2.05^ABCD	33.27 ± 2.61^CDE	35.64 ± 3.49^ABC	34.41 ± 2.91^ab
		Day 67	34.23 ± 1.94^BCD	34.54 ± 2.15^ABCD	34.98 ± 2.35^ABCD	34.58 ± 2.15^a
		Total	30.43 ± 4.16^b	31.93 ± 4.14^a	32.36 ± 4.63^a	31.58 ± 4.39

a-d:No difference between main effects with the same letter, A-M: No difference between interaction groups with the same letter, mean ± s. deviation.

Table 5. Comparison of leaf length by cultivar, treatment and dose

	Sd	Sum of Squares	Mean Squares	F	p	Kısmi eta kare
Cultivar	2	342.302	171.151	163.050	<0.001	0.872
Application	1	0.485	0.485	0.460	0.500	0.010
Dose	3	15.242	5.081	4.840	0.005	0.232
Cultivar*Application	2	5.101	2.551	2.430	0.099	0.092
Cultivar*Dose	6	7.856	1.309	1.250	0.299	0.135
Application*Dose	3	2.666	0.889	0.850	0.475	0.050
Cultivar*Application*Dose	6	5.475	0.912	0.870	0.524	0.098

SD:Degrees of freedom, F: Analysis of variance test statistic, R2=%88.27, Adjusted R2=%82.65.

Table 6. Descriptive statistics and multiple comparison results of leaf length by cultivar, treatment and dose

Application	Dose	Cultivar			Total
		Efe	Halilbey	Baldo
From Soil Application	0.7	14.64 ± 1.33	9.45 ± 0.58	10.49 ± 1.00	11.53 ± 2.54
	1.4	15.70 ± 1.96	10.81 ± 0.60	9.80 ± 0.82	12.10 ± 2.95
	2.1	14.44 ± 1.55	9.72 ± 1.02	9.63 ± 0.47	11.26 ± 2.56
	2.8	15.91 ± 2.01	9.94 ± 0.21	11.59 ± 0.60	12.48 ± 2.87
	Total	15.17 ± 1.63	9.98 ± 0.78	10.38 ± 1.03	11.84 ± 2.66
From Foliar Application	0.7	15.02 ± 0.13	10.30 ± 0.62	10.51 ± 0.26	11.94 ± 2.34
	1.4	14.99 ± 1.71	10.19 ± 0.45	9.62 ± 0.28	11.60 ± 2.71
	2.1	13.60 ± 0.24	11.09 ± 0.41	10.14 ± 1.68	11.61 ± 1.78
	2.8	15.77 ± 0.75	11.95 ± 0.80	10.90 ± 1.10	12.88 ± 2.35
	Total	14.85 ± 1.15	10.88 ± 0.90	10.29 ± 1.00	12.01 ± 2.28
Total	0.7	14.83 ± 0.87	9.87 ± 0.71	10.50 ± 0.65	11.73 ± 2.37^b
	1.4	15.34 ± 1.69	10.50 ± 0.58	9.71 ± 0.56	11.85 ± 2.76^ab
	2.1	14.02 ± 1.09	10.41 ± 1.02	9.89 ± 1.14	11.44 ± 2.15^b
	2.8	15.84 ± 1.36	10.95 ± 1.22	11.25 ± 0.88	12.68 ± 2.55^a
	Total	15.01 ± 1.39^a	10.43 ± 0.94^b	10.33 ± 0.99^b	11.92 ± 2.46

^a-bNo difference between varieties/doses with the same letter.

Table 7. Comparison of leaf width by cultivar, treatment and dose

	Sd	Sum of Squares	Mean Squares	F	p	Kısmi eta kare
Cultivar	2	0.048	0.024	7.040	0.002	0.227
Application	1	0.001	0.001	0.160	0.689	0.003
Dose	3	0.032	0.011	3.140	0.051	0.164
Cultivar*Application	2	0.015	0.007	2.180	0.124	0.083
Cultivar*Dose	6	0.039	0.007	1.910	0.098	0.193
Application*Dose	3	0.006	0.002	0.610	0.609	0.037
Cultivar*Application*Dose	6	0.015	0.002	0.730	0.630	0.083

SD: Degrees of freedom, F: Analysis of variance test statistic, R2=%48.77, Adjusted R2=%24.23.

Table 8. Descriptive statistics and multiple comparison results of leaf width by cultivar, treatment, and dose

Application	Dose	Cultivar			Total
		Efe	Halilbey	Baldo
From Soil Application	0.7	0.90 ± 0.05	0.94 ± 0.05	0.92 ± 0.02	0.92 ± 0.04
	1.4	1.01 ± 0.11	0.92 ± 0.06	0.95 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.08
	2.1	0.88 ± 0.06	0.93 ± 0.04	0.93 ± 0.06	0.91 ± 0.05
	2.8	0.95 ± 0.03	0.93 ± 0.04	1.06 ± 0.07	0.98 ± 0.07
	Total	0.94 ± 0.08	0.93 ± 0.04	0.97 ± 0.07	0.94 ± 0.06
From Foliar Application	0.7	0.87 ± 0.09	0.93 ± 0.07	1.00 ± 0.05	0.93 ± 0.08
	1.4	0.97 ± 0.08	0.96 ± 0.05	1.00 ± 0.05	0.98 ± 0.05
	2.1	0.85 ± 0.03	0.95 ± 0.05	0.99 ± 0.08	0.93 ± 0.08
	2.8	0.90 ± 0.07	0.96 ± 0.08	0.99 ± 0.05	0.95 ± 0.07
	Total	0.90 ± 0.08	0.95 ± 0.05	0.99 ± 0.05	0.95 ± 0.07
Total	0.7	0.88 ± 0.06	0.93 ± 0.05	0.96 ± 0.05	0.93 ± 0.06
	1.4	0.99 ± 0.09	0.94 ± 0.05	0.98 ± 0.04	0.97 ± 0.06
	2.1	0.87 ± 0.04	0.94 ± 0.04	0.96 ± 0.07	0.92 ± 0.06
	2.8	0.93 ± 0.05	0.95 ± 0.06	1.02 ± 0.06	0.97 ± 0.07
	Total	0.92 ± 0.08^b	0.94 ± 0.05^ab	0.98 ± 0.06^a	0.95 ± 0.07

^a-bNo difference between varieties/doses with the same letter.

Table 9. Comparison of leaf area by cultivar, treatment and dose

	Sd	Sum of Squares	Mean Squares	F	p	Kısmi eta kare
Cultivar	2	132.564	66.282	53.520	<0.001	0.690
Application	1	0.258	0.258	0.210	0.650	0.004
Dose	3	17.552	5.851	4.720	0.006	0.228
Cultivar*Application	2	6.237	3.118	2.520	0.091	0.095
Cultivar*Dose	6	14.722	2.454	1.980	0.087	0.199
Application*Dose	3	1.334	0.445	0.360	0.783	0.022
Cultivar*Application*Dose	6	5.513	0.919	0.740	0.619	0.085

SD: Degrees of freedom, F: Analysis of variance test statistic, R2 = %74.98, Adjusted R2 = %63.00.

Table 10. Descriptive statistics and multiple comparison results of leaf area by cultivar, treatment and dose

Application	Dose	Cultivar			Total
		Efe	Halilbey	Baldo
From Soil Application	0.7	9.82 ± 0.86	6.65 ± 0.69	7.28 ± 0.82	7.91 ± 1.61
	1.4	11.96 ± 2.68	7.41 ± 0.69	7.01 ± 0.68	8.79 ± 2.77
	2.1	9.57 ± 1.49	6.79 ± 0.85	6.73 ± 0.64	7.70 ± 1.68
	2.8	11.30 ± 1.67	6.94 ± 0.33	9.17 ± 0.40	9.14 ± 2.08
	Total	10.66 ± 1.85	6.95 ± 0.64	7.55 ± 1.15	8.39 ± 2.09
From Foliar Application	0.7	9.81 ± 0.91	7.17 ± 0.52	7.84 ± 0.29	8.28 ± 1.30
	1.4	10.99 ± 1.89	7.35 ± 0.68	7.18 ± 0.53	8.51 ± 2.13
	2.1	8.70 ± 0.31	7.93 ± 0.27	7.60 ± 1.83	8.07 ± 1.06
	2.8	10.73 ± 1.36	8.67 ± 1.25	8.09 ± 0.93	9.16 ± 1.58
	Total	10.06 ± 1.43	7.78 ± 0.90	7.68 ± 0.98	8.51 ± 1.56
Total	0.7	9.82 ± 0.79	6.91 ± 0.62	7.56 ± 0.63	8.10 ± 1.43^b
	1.4	11.47 ± 2.14	7.38 ± 0.61	7.09 ± 0.55	8.65 ± 2.40^ab
	2.1	9.14 ± 1.08	7.36 ± 0.84	7.16 ± 1.32	7.89 ± 1.38^b
	2.8	11.01 ± 1.40	7.81 ± 1.25	8.63 ± 0.87	9.15 ± 1.79^a
	Total	10.36 ± 1.65^a	7.36 ± 0.87^b	7.61 ± 1.04^b	8.45 ± 1.83

^a-bNo difference between varieties/doses with the same letter.