The pastoralism system in South-Western Ethiopia: The practices, constraints, and determinants in Itang Special district, Gambella Region

Figures & data

Table 1. Variables hypothesis

Variables	Description and Measurement	Nature	Sign
Household labor	HHL (1=Yes & 0=No)	Dummy	-
Marital status	MAS (1=Single, 2=Married, 3=divorce and 4= widow)	Dummy	+
Credit Access	CA (1=Yes & 0=No)	Dummy	+/-
Pasture access	PA (1=Yes & 0=No)	Dummy	+
Household size	HSI (Measure in Number)	Continuous	+
Cultivated land size	CLSI (Measure in hectare)	Continuous	+
Livestock size	LSI (measure in TLU)	Continuous	+
Veterinary services	AVS (1=Yes & 0=No)	Dummy	+
Educational status	EDS(1=illiterate,0=literate)	Dummy	-
Access to Information	AI(1=Yes & 0=No)	Dummy	+/-
Dependency ratio	DR (Number)	Continuous	+
Water access	WA (1=Yes & 0=No)	Dummy
Age of Households	AG (measure in Year)	Continuous	+
Market access	MA (measure in kilometer)	Dummy	+/-

Table 2. Pastoral practices

Pastoral Practices	Frequency	Percentage
Transhumance	105	67.3
Nomadic	37	23.7
Semi-pastoral	14	9

Table 3. Farm land expansion and resources conflict

Constraints		Frequency	Percentage
Farm land expansion	Yes	112	71.8
	No	44	28.2
Resources Conflict	Yes	101	64.7
	No	55	35.3

Table 4. Livestock raiding and prevalence of floods

Constraints		Frequency	Percentage
Livestock raiding	Yes	106	68
	No	50	32
Prevalence of floods	Yes	98	62.8
	No	58	37.2

Table 5. Extensive livestock diseases and insufficient social services

Constraints		Frequency	Percentage
Extensive livestock diseases	Yes	100	64.1
	No	56	35.9
Insufficient social services	Yes	79	50.6
	No	77	49.4

Table 6. Lack of infrastructure and pastoral system ignorance

Constraints		Frequency	Percentage
Lack of infrastructure	Yes	102	65.4
	No	54	34.6
Pastoral Ignorance	Yes	99	63.5
	No	57	36.5

Table 7. Multicollinearity diagnosis of the discrete explanatory variables

Variable	HHL	MAS	CA	PA	AVS	AI	EDS	WA
HHL	1
MAS	0.132	1
CA	0.010	0.231	1
PA	0.123	0.261	0.132	1
VS	0.152	0.031	0.110	.203	1
AI	0.200	0.212	0.214	.260	0.213	1
EDS	0.162	0.012	0.357	.122	0.202	0.011	1
WA	0.160	0.018	0.316	.052	0.101	0.132	0.331	1

Table 8. Variance inflation factor for continuous independent variables

Variables	R^2	VIF
LSI	0.12	1.17
CLSI	0.11	1.01
MDI	0.23	2.12
HSI	0.15	1.02
AG	0.22	1.05
DR	0.32	1.11

Table 9. The results of the multinomial logit model

Var	Transhumance				Nomadic				Sedentary
	B	Wald	Sign	Exp(B)	B	Wald	Sign	Exp(B)	B	Wald	Sign	Exp(B)
HHL	−.02	.32	.62	.46	−.23	.21	.15	.65	.42	.54**	.02	.59
MAS	.05	.71	.16	.12	.44	.54	.11	.37	.36	.55	.32	.75
CA	−.32	.14	.31	.65	−.11	.22	.22	.58	.21	.43***	.01	.68
PA	−.12	.32***	.01	.52	−.21	.11**	.02	.76	−43	.39	.15	.78
HIS	.20	.17	.22	.34	.45	.37	.42	.39	.19	.02	.37	.54
CLSI	1.4	.23	.43	.65	.11	.43	.41	.35	.26	.43	.27	.44
AVS	.44	.26	.40	.57	.63	.35	.26	.76	.48	.33	.21	.55
LSI	.14	.19**	.05	.89	.23	.15**	.03	.77	−.33	.11	.12	.47
AI	−.04	.11	.32	.29	.16	.52	.45	.66	.38	.27	.39	.69
DR	−.22	.93**	.05	.79	−.67	.17**	.0.03	.34	.12	.20	.41	.99
AG	.04	.27	.44	.25	.54	.02	.33	.74	.42	.51	.38	.95
MDI	.28	.13	.48	.78	.22	.19	.31	.58	.72	.012	.18	.43
EDS	−.89	.41	.16	.98	.47	.23	.11	.89	.22	.81***	.01	.59
WA	−.03	.32**	.03	.83	−.63	.18**	.02	.95	−.38	.12	.46	.72
Cons	.12	.34	.43	.78	.00	.12	.47	.85	.17	.68	.87	.45

** And *** represent the variables that are statistically significant at 5% and 1%.

Data availability statement

The access to data is restricted due to privacy.