Effect of fringed rue (Ruta chalepensis) leaf as feed additives on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens

Figures & data

Table 1. Nutrient composition of treatment diet and fringed rue leaf

Ingredients	Starter feed	Finisher feed
Corn	47.50	51.0
Wheat middling	10.0	11.0
Soybean meal (44%CP)	30.5	28.56
Niger seed cake	8.00	6.0
Limestone	2.56	2.0
Lysine	0.5	0.5
Methionine	0.14	0.14
*Vit-Min Premix	0.5	0.5
Salt	0.3	0.3
Nutrient composition			Fringed rue leaf
DM%	88	90	94.40
Crude protein %	21	18	34.38
Crude fat%	10.2	8	5.99
Crude fiber%	4.9	5.5	7.63
Energy Kcal/kg	3050	3250	3024.79
Calcium%	0.74	0.65	3.18
Available phosphorus%	0.45	0.45	1.0
Lysine%	1.3	1.1
Methionine%	0.5	0.45
Methionine+cystine%	0.5	0.45
Threonine %	1.3	1.0
Tryptophan%	0.45	0.45

*Supplied per kg of diet: Vitamin A 12,000 IU, vitamin D3 3,000 IU, vitamin E 40 mg, vitamin K3 3 mg, vitamin B1 2 mg, vitamin B2 6 mg, vitamin B6 5 mg, vitamin, B12 0.02 mg, niacin 45 mg, biotin 0.075 mg, folic acid 2 mg, pantothenic acid 12 mg, manganese 100 mg, zinc 600 mg, iron 30 mg, copper 10 mg, iodine 1 mg, selenium 0.2 mg, cobalt 0.1 mg.

Table 2. Effect of fringed rue additives on feed consumed and FCR of broiler chicken

Parameters	Phases	Dietary Treatments				SEM	P- Value
		T1	T2	T3	T4
	Starter	1029.87^d	1095.48^b	1151.48^a	1061.87^c	3.66	<0.001
Feed intake g/birds (feed basis)	Finisher	3689.75^d	3987.91^b	4128.47^a	3769.05^c	19.95	<0.001
	Entire	4719.62^d	5083.39^b	5279.95^a	4830.92^c	18.48	<0.001
	Starter	49.04^d	52.17^b	54.83^a	50.57^c	0.35	<0.001
Feed intake g/birds/day	Finisher	136.66^d	147.70^b	152.91^a	139.59^c	1.42	<0.001
	Entire	96.32^d	103.74 ^b	107.75^a	98.59^c	0.75	<0.001
	Starter	1.88	1.87	1.90	1.88	0.01	0.400
FCR	Finisher	1.92	1.95	1.95	1.90	0.02	0.126
	Entire	1.91	1.93	1.94	1.90	0.01	0.083

*Mean values within the same row having different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05); T1 (basal diet+ the antibiotics Flavomycin at 1 g kg⁻¹); T2 (basal diet +60 g kg⁻¹ fringed rue, T3 (basal diet +120 g kg⁻¹ fringed rue) and T4 (basal diet +180 g kg⁻¹ fringed rue); FCR= Feed conversion ratio; SEM = standard error mean; p=probability value.

Table 3. Effect of fringed rue additives on growth performance of broiler chicken

Parameter	Phases	Treatments				SEM	P-value
		T1	T2	T3	T4
IBW (g)		39.67	40.08	40.67	39.92	0.29	0.176
FBW(g)	Starter	586.83^d	626.5^b	647.92^a	605.93^c	4.38	<0.001
	finisher	2504.53^d	2674.89^b	2764.45^a	2587.12^c	23.83	<0.001
BWG(g)	Starter	547.17^d	586.42^b	607.25^a	566.02^c	4.39	<0.001
	finisher	1918^c	2048.67^ab	2116.67^a	1981.3^bc	22.6	0.001
	overall	2464.87^d	2634.81^b	2723.78^a	2547.2^c	23.61	<0.001
ADG(g)	Starter	26.06^d	27.92^b	28.91^a	26.95^c	0.21	<0.001
	finisher	68.49^c	73.15^ab	75.59^a	70.75b^c	0.81	0.001
	overall	50.3^d	53.77^b	55.98^a	51.98^c	0.48	<0.001
Mortality	Starter	1	-	1	2
	finisher	-	-	-	-
	overall	1	-	1	2

*Mean values within the same row having different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05); T1 (basal diet+ the antibiotics Flavomycin at 1 g kg⁻¹); T2 (basal diet +60 g kg⁻¹ fringed rue, T3 (basal diet +120 g kg⁻¹ fringed rue) and T4 (basal diet +180 g kg⁻¹ fringed rue); IBW=Initial body weight; FBW= Final body weight; BWG= Body weight gain; ADG=Average daily gain; SEM= standard error mean; p=probability value.

Table 4. Effect of fringed rue additives on carcass and visceral organs of broiler chicken

Parameters (g)	Dietary treatments				SEM.	P-value
	T1	T2	T3	T4
Slaughter weight(g)	2415.67^d	2646.67^b	2792.00^a	2521.67^c	17.82	<0.001
Dressing weight(g)	2280.67^d	2486.00^b	2619.00^a	2362.33^c	24.27	<0.001
Dressing %	70.62^b	71.47^a	71.82^a	71.10^ab	0.24	<0.001
Evisceration weight(g)	1706.00^d	1891.67^b	2005.33^a	1793.00^c	13.53	<0.001
Breast(g)	503.33^d	602.00^b	662.67^a	561.33^c	7.51	<0.001
Drumsticks(g)	238.00^d	298.33^b	336.33^a	268.00^c	6.04	<0.001
Thighs(g)	265.00^d	318.33^b	356.33^a	285.67^c	3.87	<0.001
Back	189.67^c	226.67^b	255.33^a	201.67^c	6.04	<0.001
Liver(g)	46.67^c	48.67^c	57.00^b	65.00^a	1.59	<0.001
Gizzard(g)	36.67^c	35.67^c	49.67^b	60.00^a	1.98	<0.001
Heart(g)	11.00	11.33	13.00	10.67	1.25	0.580
Abdominal fat (g)	99.00^a	62.67^b	46.67^c	40.67^c	3.51	<0.001

*Mean values within the same row having different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05); T1 (basal diet+ the antibiotics Flavomycin at 1 g kg⁻¹); T2 (basal diet +60 g kg⁻¹ fringed rue, T3 (basal diet +120 g kg⁻¹ fringed rue) and T4 (basal diet +180 g kg⁻¹ fringed rue);SEM = standard error mean; p=probability value.