Hydrogel and endophytic fungi Trichoderma longibrachiatum; a combination method to ex vitro acclimatization of banana plants

Figures & data

Table 1. Description of treatments formed with hydrogel and T. longibrachiatum (1 X 10⁵ spores per mL)

T. longibrachiatum (Isolated)	GenBank	Behavior	Treatment
V IV 3.2 V IV 2.1 O I 1 R 3 O I 5 M 3 O I 3.2 O III 4 R 3 O II 1 R 3 O II 1 R O O III 3 M 3 P IV 5 R O	OP157557 OP157555 OP157544 OP157545 OP157543 OP157550 OP157548-OP157549 OP157551	Endophyte Endophyte Epiphyte Epiphyte Endophyte Epiphyte Epiphyte Epiphyte Epiphyte Epiphyte	T1 (V IV 3.2 + Hydrogel) T2 (V IV 2.1 + Hydrogel) T3 (O I 1 R 3 + Hydrogel) T4 (O I 5 M 3 + Hydrogel) T5 (O I 3.2 + Hydrogel) T6 (O III 4 R 3 + Hydrogel) T7 (O II 1 R 3 + Hydrogel) T8 (O II 1 R o + Hydrogel) T9 (O III 3 M 3 + Hydrogel) T10 (P IV 5 R or + Hydrogel) T11 (Hydrogel only) T12 (CONTROL)

Table 2. Tukey test and mean comparisons of isolated results. Letters indicate grouping. All isolates were hydrogel-coated except the control. Length of the main root (LR) from the stem base to the tip, root diameter from the longitudinal middle part (DR), plant length (LP) from the top to the base of the stem, the fresh plant weight (FPW), leaves number (LN)

Isolated	Behavior	Tukey Test for Pairwise Mean Comparisons (P ≤0.05)				Kruskal-Wallis (P ≤0.05)
		LR	PL	RD	FPW	LN
V IV 3.2	Endophyte	194.2000 ab	300.28 bcd	2.14 bc	19.55 cd	7.75 b
V IV 2.1	Endophyte	202.8000 a	334.08 abc	2.06 bc	23.25 bcd	7.75 b
O I 1 R 3	Epiphyte	223.4167 a	332.11 abc	2.47 ab	32.61 a	7.92 ab
O I 5 M 3	Epiphyte	209.6750 a	359.53 a	1.72 c	29.21 ab	8.08 ab
O I 3.2	Endophyte	164.8917 ab	345.21 ab	2.71 a	27.83 abc	8.25 ab
O III 4 R 3	Epiphyte	172.6333 ab	306.16 bcd	2.43 ab	26.68 abcd	8.42 a
O II 1 R 3	Epiphyte	193.9917 ab	309.10 bcd	2.43 ab	21.70 bcd	7.92 ab
O II 1 R O	Epiphyte	185.3250 ab	283.60 bcd	2.25 ab	23.90 bcd	7.92 ab
O III 3 M 3	Epiphyte	182.7917 ab	298.01 bcd	2.35 ab	24.78 bcd	8.04 ab
P IV 5 R O	Epiphyte	187.5500 ab	290.00 cd	2.70 a	24.96 abcd	7.58 b
HYDROGEL ONLY	-	142.2000 b	278.20 d	2.35 ab	21.22 bcd	7.83 b
CONTROL	-	139.1833 b	271.81 d	2.05 bc	18.45 d	7.92 ab

Table 3. Comparison of least squares means obtained with Kruskal-Wallis test of T. longibrachiatum endophytism on the banana root

Treatments (T)	Behavior	Average root colonization
(1) V IV 3.2	Endophyte	11.9
(2) V IV 2.1	Endophyte	28.5*
(3) O I 1 R 3	Epiphyte	7
(4) O I 5 M 3	Epiphyte	13.125
(5) O I 3.2	Endophyte	28.5 *
(6) O III 4 R 3	Epiphyte	13.125
(7) O II 1 R 3	Epiphyte	26.33
(8) O II 1 R O	Epiphyte	10.16
(9) O III 3 M 3	Epiphyte	39.62 *
(10) P IV 5 R O	Epiphyte	7

Coefficient of variation (CV) = 26.3, * Significantly different treatments.

Figure 1. Recorded temperatures during two different seasons when the experiment was conducted. a) temperatures recorded in the season from December 2021 to March 2022 at El Jobo, Tlapacoyan, Veracruz state, Mexico. b) temperatures recorded in the season from June to September 2022 at the Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Teziutlán Puebla Mexico.

Figure 2. Persistence of spores on the hydrogel substrate after three months of inoculation.

*Indicates statistical difference at level (P ≤0.05), Tukey; Coefficient of variation (CV) = 22.5.

Data availability statement

Data are accessible through the corresponding author Carmela Hernández Domínguez, [email protected]