Nutritional quality of spinach (Amaranthus hybridus L.) cultivated using black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) waste compost

Figures & data

Table 1. Nutrient and heavy metal content in the BSF larvae compost

Indicator	BSF Larvae Compost from Jambangan Recycling Center	BSF Larvae Compost from Puspa Agro market
C/N ratio	15.80	17.90
N (%)	1.22	1.05
P2O5 (%)	0.68	0.48
K2O (%)	0.77	0.51
Ca (%)	0.42	0.31
Mg (%)	0.30	0.23
Pb (ppm)	0.02	0.01
Cu (ppm)	0.10	0.12
Cd (ppm)	0.01	0.02
Zn (ppm)	2.06	2.15

Figure 1. Research stages.

Table 2. Quality data of spinach product given BSF larvae compost fertiliser

Treatment	Nutritional content/nutrition
	Fibre (%)	Vit C (mg/100g)	Vit A (mg/100g)	Fe (mg/100g)	Chlorophyll (mg/100g)	Carotene (mg/100g)
P0K0	16.67 ab	309.07 d	39.07 b	18.37 d	206.93 d	62.57 b
P1K0	17.14 a	336.13 b	42.32 a	20.57 bc	344.83 b	67.64 a
P1K1	15.30 c	353.87 a	39.05 b	21.23 ab	353.50 a	65.97 ab
P2K0	17.63 a	321.30 c	41.13 ab	20.38 c	240.57 c	68.57 a
P2K1	15.67 bc	350.30 a	38.97 b	21.47 a	344.14 b	65.14 ab
LSD 5%	1.16	11.99	3.15	0.70	6.91	3.71

Note: Numbers in one column followed by the same letter are not significantly different based on the 5% LSD test; NS = Not significant

P0K0:: Control − 100% soil

P1K0: Soil: 50% BSF household waste compost: 50%, without urea

P1K1: soil: 50% BSF household waste compost: 50%, and 3 g/plant urea

P2K0: soil : BSF compost fruit waste 50% : 50%, without urea

P2K1: soil: 50% BSF fruit waste compost: 50%, and 3 g/plant urea

Table 3. Quality data of spinach product given BSF larvae compost fertiliser

Treatment	Hazardous material content
	Nitrates (ppm)	Nitrite (ppm)	Nitrite (ppm)	Cu (ppm)	Pb (ppm)	Cd (ppm)	Zn (ppm)
P0K0	0.12	0.022 a	0.022 a	0.012 c	0.029 c	0.011 c	0.039 a
P1K0	0.13	0.023 a	0.023 a	0.020 b	0.030 c	0.011 c	0.022 d
P1K1	0.14	0.022 a	0.022 a	0.021 b	0.039 b	0.030 a	0.034 b
P2K0	0.13	0.010 b	0.010 b	0.013 c	0.020 d	0.021 b	0.030 c
P2K1	0.10	0.018 a	0.018 a	0.034 a	0.049 a	0.021 b	0.021 d
LSD 5%	NS	0.007	0.007	0.002	0.002	0.003	0.003

Note: Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different based on the 5% LSD test; NS = Not significant

P0K0: Control − 100% soil

P1K0: Soil: 50% BSF household waste compost: 50%, without urea

P1K1: soil: 50% BSF household waste compost: 50%, and 3 g/plant urea

P2K0: soil : BSF fruit waste compost 50% : 50%, without urea

P2K1: soil: 50% BSF fruit waste compost: 50%, and 3 g/plant urea

Table 4. Data on the growth of spinach at the age of 28 days given BSF larvae compost fertiliser

Treatment	Plant height (cm)	Number of leaves	Stem diameter (mm)
P0K0	51.33 d	73.67	14.13 c
P1K0	80.67 ab	85.67	17.83 bc
P1K1	64.67 cd	78.00	19.43 ab
P2K0	67.67 bc	78.00	21.40 ab
P2K1	83.67 a	89.67	22.57 a
LSD 5%	13.35	NS	3.85

Note: Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different based on the 5% LSD test; NS = Not significant

P0K0: Control − 100% soil

P1K0: Soil: 50% BSF household waste compost: 50%, without urea

P1K1: soil: 50% BSF household waste compost: 50%, and 3 g/plant urea

P2K0: soil: BSF fruit waste compost 50% : 50%, without urea

P2K1: soil: 50% BSF fruit waste compost: 50%, and 3 g/plant urea

Table 5. Quantitative data of spinach product given BSF larvae compost fertiliser

Treatment	Biomass weight (g)	Consumed materials
		Weight (g)	%
P0K0	112.67 c	29.03 b	26.59
P1K0	646.67 ab	138.23 a	21.33
P1K1	547.53 b	135.50 a	27.36
P2K0	848.23 a	153.23 a	17.98
P2K1	710.67 ab	137.27 a	19.32
LSD 5%	243.51	37.71	NS

Note: Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not different based on the 5% LSD test; NS = Not significant

P0K0: Control − 100% soil

P1K0: Soil: 50% BSF household waste compost: 50%, without urea

P1K1: soil: 50% BSF household waste compost: 50%, and 3 g/soil urea

P2K0: soil : BSF fruit waste compost 50% : 50%, without urea

P2K1: soil: 50% BSF fruit waste compost: 50%, and 3 g/soil urea