Management practices to mitigate aflatoxin contamination in groundnut: a review

Figures & data

Figure 1. The structure of aflatoxins (Martínez et al., 2023).

Table 1. Aflatoxin contamination cases and deaths caused by the contamination.

Year	Location/country	Number of cases	Number of deaths	Source/references
1974	Western India	397	106	Benkerroum (2020)
2004	Rural Kenya	317	125	Lewis et al. (2005)
2016	Two regions in the Central part of Tanzania	68	20	Kamala et al. (2018)
2017	Northeast, Kiteto district, Manyara, Tanzania	8	4	Outbreak News Today (2017)

Martínez, J., Hernández-Rodríguez, M., Méndez-Albores, A., Téllez-Isaías, G., Mera Jiménez, E., Nicolás-Vázquez, M. I., & Miranda Ruvalcaba, R. (2023). Computational studies of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1): A review. Toxins, 15(2), 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020135

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Benkerroum, N. (2020). Aflatoxins: Producing-molds, structure, health issues and incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041215

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Lewis, L., Onsongo, M., Njapau, H., Schurz-Rogers, H., Luber, G., Kieszak, S., Nyamongo, J., Backer, L., Dahiye, A. M., Misore, A., DeCock, K., & Rubin, C. (2005). Aflatoxin contamination of commercial maize products during an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in eastern and central Kenya. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(12), 1763–1767. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7998

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Kamala, A., Shirima, C., Jani, B., Bakari, M., Sillo, H., Rusibamayila, N., De Saeger, S., Kimanya, M., Gong, Y. Y., Simba, A., & Investigation Team. (2018). Outbreak of an acute aflatoxicosis in Tanzania during 2016. World Mycotoxin Journal, 11(3), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2018.2344

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Outbreak News Today. (2017). Aflatoxin kills 4 children in Tanzania, linked to consumption of maize. https://outbreaknewstoday.com/aflatoxin-kills-4-children-in-tanzania-linked-to-consumption-of-maize-54210/

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Data availability statement

Data sharing is not applicable because no new data were generated in this study.