A review on noise suppression and aberration compensation in holographic particle image velocimetry

Figures & data

Figure 1. Basic experimental PIV set-up uses one camera while stereo-PIV set-up employs two cameras for the same flow measurement.

Figure 2. Basic off-axis holographic (a) recording and (b) reconstruction setups.

Figure 3. Typical optical recording arrangement for in-line particle holography.

Figure 4. Off-axis viewing of an in-line hologram [after Meng and Hussain (1991)].

Figure 5. Stereo-HPIV [after Scherer and Bernal (1997)].

Figure 6. Forward-scatter off-axis holographic particle (a) recording and (b) reconstruction setups.

Figure 7. (a) High-pass filtering technique used in the holographic recording of forward-scatter off-axis geometry. (b) Holographic reconstruction eventually results in the suppression of the illumination beam [after Liu and Hussain (1998)].

Figure 8. Optical arrangement that utilized triangular tank with a mirror to simultaneously record an object and its mirror image [after Sheng et al. (2003)].

Figure 9. Schematic diagram to suppress the DC effect [after Barnhart et al. (1994)].

Figure 10. Holographic recording set-up utilizing light sheet object beam [after Fabry (1998)].

Figure 11. Use of a prism in the reconstruction geometry to produce stereoscopic pairs of particle images [after Fabry (1998)]. The 3D particle displacement, s is determined such that s = sqrt(s_i² + s₂²).

Figure 12. Hologram recording with a tilted object beam to suppress zero-order diffraction [after Von Ellenrieder et al. (2001)].

Figure 13. Side-scatter holographic particle (a) recording and (b) reconstruction setups.

Figure 14. Employment of cylindrical light volume and alignment grid in side-scatter geometry. Planar HPIV setup employs a light sheet in place of the existing cylindrical light volume [after Lozano et al. (1999)].

Figure 15. (a) Holographic recording and (b) reconstruction using light-in-flight holography technique [after Herrmann et al. (1997)].

Table 1. Performance comparison of HPIV systems and chronologically tabulated in reverse order

System	Type	Particle diameter (μm)	Volume depth, mm	Observation volume (mm^3)	Number of recorded particles	Particle number density (mm^−3)	Velocity vectors	Vector density (mm^−3)	Shadow density (%)
Chan et al. (2004), Koek, 2006	Off-axis	100 (solid glass sphere in water)	–	~70	1.12 x10^3	16	1160	16	64
Herrmann and Hinsch (2004), Hinsch and Herrmann (2004)	Off-axis	1–3 (DEHS, di-2-ethylhexyl-sebacate)	29.1	13,129	<170 × 10^3	12–13	16,640	1.3	<0.34
Sheng et al. (2003)	Off-axis	20 (polystyrene in water)	20.0	1,785	>357 × 10^3	200–300	644,160	360	<160
Tao et al. (2002)	Off-axis	20 (polystyrene in water)	44.5	93,323	<747 × 10^3	4–8	2,263,040	24.2	<14.2
Pu and Meng (2000)	Off-axis	5 (water droplets)	32.0	78,848	2,400 × 10^3	30	92,000	1.2	2.4
Zhang et al. (1997)	Off-axis	15 (polystyrene in water)	42.25	91,748	<742 × 10^3	1–8	818,583	8.9	<7.6
Scherer and Bernal (1997)	In-line	24 (in water channel)	–	–	–	0.4	–	–	–
Meng and Hussain (1995)	In-line	20 (polystyrene in water)	11.0	3,234	74 × 10^3	8	10,824	3.3	3.5
Barnhart et al. (1994)	Off-axis	0.5–1 (oil droplets in air)	60.0	36,015	360 × 10^3	10	425,943	11.8	0.06
Meng and Hussain (1991)	In-line	10 (polystyrene sphere in oil)	25.0	2,500	7.5 × 10^3	3	–	–	0.75

Table 2. Comparison of information capacity of three dissimilar recording media

Recording medium	Specification	Resolution, line pairs/mm	SBP
Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) film	100 × 100 mm	5,000	100 × 100 × 5000^2 = 25 × 10^10
Silver halide photographic film	100 × 100 mm^2	3,000	100 × 100 × 3000^2 = 9 × 10^10
CCD sensor	7 μm square pixel 4000 × 2000 pixels	71.4	4000 × 2000 × 0.007^2 × 71.4^2 = 2 × 10^6

Meng, H., & Hussain, F. (1991). Holographic particle velocimetry: A 3D measurement technique for vortex interactions, coherent structures and turbulence. Fluid Dynamics Research, 8, 33–52.10.1016/0169-5983(91)90029-I

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Scherer, J. O., & Bernal, L. P. (1997). In-line holographic particle image velocimetry for turbulent flows. Applied Optics, 36, 9309–9318.10.1364/AO.36.009309

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Liu, F., & Hussain, F. (1998). Holographic particle velocimeter using forward scattering with filtering. Optics Letters, 23, 132–134.10.1364/OL.23.000132

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Sheng, J., Malkiel, E., & Katz, J. (2003). Single beam two-views holographic particle image velocimetry. Applied Optics, 42, 235–250.10.1364/AO.42.000235

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Barnhart, D. H., Adrian, R. J., & Papen, G. C. (1994). Phase-conjugate holographic system for high-resolution particle-image velocimetry. Applied Optics, 33, 7159–7170.10.1364/AO.33.007159

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Fabry, E. (1998). 3D holographic PIV with a forward-scattering laser sheet and stereoscopic analysis. Experiments in Fluids, 24, 39–46.10.1007/s003480050148

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Von Ellenrieder, K., Kostas, J., & Soria, J. (2001). Measurements of a wall-bounded, turbulent, separated flow using HPIV. Journal of Turbulence, 2, 1–15.

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Lozano, A., Kostas, J., & Soria, J. (1999). Use of holography in particle image velocimetry measurements of a swirling flow. Experiments in Fluids, 27, 251–261.10.1007/s003480050350

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hinrichs, H., Kickstein, J., & Böhmer, M. (1997). Light-in-flight holography for visualization and velocimetry in three-dimensional flows. Optics Letters, 22, 828–830.10.1364/OL.22.000828

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Chan, V., Koek, W. D., Barnhart, D. H., Bhattacharya, N., Braat, J. J. M., & Westerweel, J. (2004). Application of holography to fluid flow measurements using bacteriorhodopsin (bR). Measurement Science and Technology, 15, 647–655.10.1088/0957-0233/15/4/006

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Koek, W. (2006). Holographic particle image velocimetry using bacteriorhodopsin. Delft: Delft University of Technology.

 Google Scholar

Herrmann, S. F., & Hinsch, K. D. (2004). Light-in-flight holographic particle image velocimetry for wind-tunnel applications. Measurement Science and Technology, 15, 613–621.10.1088/0957-0233/15/4/002

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hinsch, K. D., & Herrmann, S. F. (2004). Signal quality improvements by short-coherence holographic particle image velocimetry. Measurement Science and Technology, 15, 622–630.10.1088/0957-0233/15/4/003

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Tao, B., Katz, J., & Meneveau, C. (2002). Statistical geometry of subgrid-scale stresses determined from holographic particle image velocimetry measurements. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 457, 35–78.

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Pu, Y., & Meng, H. (2000). An advanced off-axis holographic particle image velocimetry (HPIV) system. Experiments in Fluids, 29, 184–197.10.1007/s003489900088

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Zhang, J., Tao, B., & Katz, J. (1997). Turbulent flow measurement in a square duct with hybrid holographic PIV. Experiments in Fluids, 23, 373–381.10.1007/s003480050124

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Meng, H., & Hussain, F. (1995a). In-line recording and off-axis viewing technique for holographic particle velocimetry. Applied Optics, 34, 1827–1840.10.1364/AO.34.001827

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar