Examining the effect of emotional intelligence on socio-demographic variable and job stress among retail employees

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual model.

Table 1. Means, standard deviation, and reliability coefficient of EI and Job stressors

Measure	Mean	SD	α
Emotional intelligence measure
Self emotion appraisal	12.27	2.81	.929
Other emotion appraisal	12.51	2.62	.928
Use of emotion	12.58	2.66	.910
Regulation of emotion	13.16	2.41	.919
Total emotional intelligence	50.53	8.18	.930
Job stressors
Time stress	10.62	3.43	.876
Anxiety stress	13.39	3.25	.856
Role expectation conflict	13.61	4.65	.916
Co-worker support	11.96	1.99	.881
Work-life balance	10.71	3.21	.873
Overall job stress	60.31	10.06	.817

Table 2. Means, standard deviations, and correlations among all variables

Measure	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1. Self emotion appraisal	1 (.929)
2. Other emotion appraisal	.550**	1 (.928)
3. Use of emotion	.483**	.485**	1 (.910)
4. Regulation of emotion	.317**	.360**	.631**	1 (.919)
5. Total emotional intelligence	.772**	.774**	.834**	.726**	1 (.930)
6. Time stress	−.402**	−.248**	−.137**	−.369**	−.372**	1 (.876)
7. Anxiety stress	−.451**	−.349**	−.328**	−.273**	−.455**	.258**	1 (.856)
8. Role expectation conflict	−.544**	−.400**	−.512**	−.357**	−.588**	.147**	.146**	1 (.916)
9. Co-worker support	−.034*	−.102*	−.206**	−.236**	−.181**	−.083*	.125**	.503**	1 (.881)
10. Work–life balance	−.509**	−.452**	−.268**	−.170**	−.458**	.167**	.060**	.506*	.103**	1 (.873)
11. Overall job stress	−.705**	−.547**	−.516**	−.481**	−.728**	.530**	.474**	.821**	−.181**	.650**	1 (.847)

Notes: 1–5 represents emotional intelligence and its dimensions; 6–11 represents job stressors and its dimensions; reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s alpha) in parentheses along main diagonal. Analyses based on n = 564.

^* Level of significance at p < .05.

^** Level of significance at p < .01.

Table 3. Correlation between emotional intelligence, occupational stress and demographic variable

Measure	Gender (male = 0; female = 1)	Age	Education	Income	Experience	Marital status (single-0; married-1)
Emotional intelligence measure
Self emotion appraisal (SEA)	.261**	.471**	.311**	.422**	.452**	.230**
Other emotion appraisal (OEA)	.173**	.709**	.527**	.609**	.573**	.465**
Use of emotion (UOE)	.352**	.307**	.247**	.316**	.260**	.312**
Regulation of emotion (ROE)	.381**	.203**	−.155**	.254**	.217**	.044
Total emotional intelligence (TEI)	.372**	.549**	.325**	.518**	.488**	.343**
Job stressors
Time stress (TS)	−.009	−.304**	−.031	−.430**	−.382**	−.010
Anxiety stress (AS)	−.162**	−.249**	−.208**	−.396**	−.476**	−.319**
Role expectation conflict (REC)	−.829**	−.183**	−.011	.078	.149**	−.042
Co-worker support (CS)	−.634**	.062	.375**	.260**	.350**	−.059
Work–life balance (WLB)	−.257**	−.220**	−.137**	.031	−.020	.087*
Overall job stress (OJS)	−.645**	−.327**	−.052	−.177**	−.153**	−.110**

Note: N = 564.

^* Level of significance at p < .05.

^** Level of significance at p < .001.

Table 4. Stepwise hierarchical regressions analyses predicting change in job stress, with socio-demographic variable, EI, and their interaction as the predictors

Variables	β	p-value	R^2	ΔR^2
Gender	−.645	.000	.417**	.417**
Total EI	−.566	.000	.693**	.276**
Gender* total EI	.098	.000	.702**	.009**
Age	−.327	.000	.107**	.107**
Total EI	−.785	.000	.538**	.431**
Age* total EI	.192	.000	.574**	.037**
Marital status	−.110	.009	.012*	.012*
Total EI	−.782	.000	.552**	.540**
Marital status* total EI	.147	.000	.572**	.019**
Education	−.052	.215	.003	.003
Total EI	−.795	.000	.568**	.565**
Education* total EI	.212	.000	.613**	.044**
Annual income	−.177	.000	.031**	.031**
Total EI	−.870	.000	.585**	.553**
Annual income* total EI	.050	.000	.586	.002
Work experience	−.153	.000	.023**	.023**
Total EI	−.857	.000	.584**	.560**
Work experience* total EI	.147	.000	.601**	.017**

^* Level of significance at p < .05.

^** Level of significance at p < .001.

Figure 2. Effect of emotional intelligence on job stress with reference to socio-demographic variable. Total_JS stands for overall job stress and Total_EI stands for total emotional intelligence. Moderating effect of (a). Gender and emotional intelligence (b). Age and emotional intelligence (c). Marital status and emotional intelligence (d). education and emotional intelligence (e). Annual Income and emotional intelligence (e). Work experience and emotional intelligence on job stress.