The validation of the organizational change construct using confirmatory factor analysis

Figures & data

Table 1. Dimensions of organizational change.

Authors	Process	Technology	Culture	Structure	Strategical	Attitude
Lee, Lee, and Lin (2012)	•	•		•
Zogjani, Shoraj, and Govori (2014)	•
Yukl (2008)	•
Schiavone (2012)		•
Zheng, Yang, and McLean (2010)		•		•	•
Armbruster, Bikfalvi, Kinkel, and Lay (2008)		•
Kiboss (2014)	•	•
Muscalu (2014)			•
Akgün, Byrne, Lynn, and Keskin (2007)						•
Lines (2005)						•
Santos, Bronzo, De Oliveira, and De Resende (2014)	•				•

Table 2. Loadings of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis

Variables	R^2	Process	Standard first-order loading*
			Strategical	Attitude	Structure	Culture	Technology
Process 1	0.79	0.89
Process 2	0.85	0.92
Process 3	0.59	0.77
Process 4	0.68	0.82
Process 5	0.70	0.84
Process 6	0.79	0.89
Process 7	0.62	0.79
Process		–	0.61	0.80	0.70	0.69	0.64
Strategical 1	0.67		0.82
Strategical 2	0.79		0.89
Strategical 3	0.73		0.85
Strategical 4	0.49		0.70
Strategical 5	0.43		0.66
Strategical 6	0.58		0.76
Strategical 7	0.51		0.71
Strategical			–	0.79	0.80	0.83	0.63
Attitude 1	0.68			0.82
Attitude 2	0.79			0.89
Attitude 3	0.70			0.83
Attitude 4	0.64			0.80
Attitude 5	0.72			0.85
Attitude 6	0.56			0.75
Attitude 7	0.64			0.80
Attitude				–	0.92	0.92	0.80
Structure 1	0.60				0.78
Structure 2	0.68				0.83
Structure 3	0.74				0.86
Structure 4	0.71				0.84
Structure 5	0.74				0.86
Structure 6	0.57				0.76
Structure 7	0.69				0.83
Structure						0.95	0.78
Culture 1	0.70					0.84
Culture 2	0.74					0.86
Culture 3	0.54					0.74
Culture 4	0.62					0.78
Culture 5	0.58					0.76
Culture 6	0.77					0.88
Culture 7	0.61					0.78
Culture							0.78
Technology 1	0.68						0.82
Technology 2	0.86						0.92
Technology 3	0.24						0.49
Technology 4	0.25						0.50
Technology 5	0.23						0.48
Technology 6	0.17						0.41
Technology 7	0.53						0.72
Technology							–

^* Factor loading < 0.50.

Figure 1. First-order confirmatory factor analysis of dimensions organizational change.

Figure 2. Second-order confirmatory factor analysis of dimensions organizational change.

Table 3. Loadings of the second-order confirmatory factor analysis

Factors	R^2	Standard second-order loading organizational change	SE	CR	p-value
Process change	0.59	0.75	0.174	6.517	0.000
Strategical change	0.69	0.83	0.136	6.517	0.000
Attitude towards change	0.92	0.96	0.156	7.699	0.000
Structure change	0.93	0.97	0.159	7.956	0.000
Culture change	0.95	0.97	0.168	7.658	0.000
Technology change	0.66	0.81	0.193	6.387	0.000

Notes: CR: critical ratio and SE: standard error.

Table 4. Model fit indices of organizational culture

Indices	Estimate
CMIN	1,693.926
DF	810
CMIN/DF	2.091
CFI	0.833
SRMR	0.079
RMSEA	0.092

Table 5. Results of the reliability and validity test

Factors	Cronbach’s α	AVE	CR
Process change	0.945	0.718	0.947
Strategical change	0.910	0.599	0.912
Attitude towards change	0.933	0.674	0.935
Structure change	0.934	0.678	0.936
Culture change	0.928	0.652	0.929
Technological change	0.840	0.420	0.822

Notes: AVE = Average variance extracted, CR = Construct reliability.

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