Explore the relationship between human resource management practices and the consequences for emotional labor of insurance agents in the Jordanian insurance industry

Figures & data

Figure 1. The research model.

Table 1. Summary of statistics of study variables

Variables	Mean	Standard deviation	No. of items	Cronbach’s alpha	(Eigen value)	(% of variance)	Skewness
1. Self-awareness	3.50	0.769	7	0.887	4.245	60.63%	−0.797
2. Self-management	3.52	0.602	9	0.888	4.920	54.55%	−0.022
3. Social awareness	3.48	0.654	8	0.879	4.374	54.68%	−0.175
4. Relationship management	3.48	0.666	11	0.992	6.244	56.76%	−0.399
5. Emotional intelligence	3.49	0.593	4	0.900	3.116	77.88%	−0.336
6. Job satisfaction	3.19	0.652	4	0.611	1.865	46.82%	−0.103
7. Organizational commitment	3.11	0.743	3	0.792	2.147	71.55%	0.067
8. Customer service behaviors	3.77	0.608	6	0.890	3.993	65.54%	−0.135

Table 2. Correlations among independent variables

Variables	1	2	3	4
1. Self-awareness	1
2. Self-management	0.643***	1
3. Social awareness	0.604**	0.778**	1
4. Relationship management	0.699**	0.715**	0.786**

** p < 0.01.

*** p < 0.001.

Table 3. A simple regression of individual Emotional labor practices on job satisfaction

Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
Constant	2.026*	1.687*	1.831*	2.069*	1.541*
Self-awareness	0.394*
Self-management		0.396*
Social awareness			0.394*
Relationship management				0.331*
Emotional intelligence					0.430*
R^2	0.155	0.157	0.155	0.110	0.815
Adj. R^2	0.151	0.152	0.151	0.105	0.181
F	35.159*	35.498*	35.100*	25.543*	43.433*

*p ≤ 0.001.

Table 4. Simple regression of individual emotional labor practices on organizational commitment

Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
Constant	2.195*	1.674*	1.625*	1.984*	1.543*
Self-awareness	0.272*
Self-management		0.332*
Social awareness			0.377*
Relationship management				0.292*
Emotional intelligence					0.359*
R^2	0.074	0.110	0.142	0.085	0.129
Adj. R^2	0.069	0.105	0.138	0.080	0.124
F	15.306*	23.620*	31.726*	17.752*	28.230*

* p ≤ 0.01.

Table 5. Final regression of individual emotional labor practices on employee client benefit practices

Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
Constant	2.309***	1.662***	1.492***	1.567***	1.548***
Self awareness	0.152***
Self management		0.311***
Social awareness			0.348***
Relationship management				0.195***
Emotional intelligence					0.267***
R^2	0.055	0.083	0.132	0.074	0.113
Adj. R^2	0.045	0.098	0.114	0.068	0.103
F	11.206***	18.756***	26.541***	13.954***	23.105***

*** p ≤ 0.001.