Investigation on the precursors to and effects of human resource information system use: The case of a developing country

Figures & data

Figure 1. Research model.

Table 1. Demographic profile of respondents

Variable	Category	Frequency	%
Gender	Male	180	87
	Female	27	13
Education	Certificate/diploma	16	8
	Bachelor’s degree	104	50
	Master’s degree	75	36
	PhD	10	5
	Others	2	1
Age (in years)	Under 25	4	2
	26–30	8	4
	31–35	16	8
	35–40	85	41
	41–45	63	30
	46–50	21	10
	Above 50	10	5
Job Designation	Manager	123	59
	Executive	65	31
	Others	19	9
Level of Income	Under 50,000	34	16
	50,000–100,000	104	50
	1,00,001–150,000	44	21
	1,50,000–200,000	20	10
	More than 200,000	5	2
HRIS Implementation	Less than a year	94	45
	Between one and three years	85	41
	More than three years	21	10
	Others	7	3

Source: Author’s estimation based on survey data.

Table 2. Results of measurement models

Construct	Code	Loadings	α	CR	AVE
Relative Advantage (RA)	RA1	0.872	0.959	0.958	0.804
	RA2	0.899
	RA3	0.862
	RA4	0.855
	RA5	0.884
	RA6	0.893
	RA7	0.871
Compatibility (CP)	CP1	0.763	0.840	0.838	0.669
	CP2	0.765
	CP3	0.824
Complexity (CX)	CX1	0.820	0.915	0.902	0.722
	CX2	0.864
	CX3	0.799
	CX4	0.845
	CX5	0.790
Visibility (VIS)	VIS1	0.751	0.832	0.832	0.669
	VIS2	0.796
	VIS3	0.797
Information Responsiveness (IR)	IR1	0.759	0.809	0.897	0.703
	IR2	0.862
Information Autonomy (IA)	IA1	0.787	0.873	0.857	0.683
	IA2	0.751
	IA3	0.775
	IA4	0.782
Transformational Activities (TA)	TA1	0.809	0.859	0.837	0.650
	TA2	0.698
	TA3	0.741
Job Satisfaction (JS)	JS2	0.751	0.708	0.702	0.571
	JS3	0.704
Turnover Intention (TI)	TI1	0.746	0.701	0.926	0.695
	TI2	0.824
Behavioral Intention to Use (BI)	BI1	0.814	0.729	0.705	0.563
	BI2	0.742
	BI3	0.576

Note: CR indicates composite reliability; α is Cronbach’s alpha; AVE denotes the average variance extracted; and JS1 and TI3 were deleted due to low loadings.

Source: Author’s estimation based on survey data.

Table 3. Discriminant validity of constructs

Constructs	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
RA	0.709
CP	0.558	0.628
CX	0.509	0.534	0.515
VIS	0.413	0.465	0.494	0.574
IR	0.430	0.515	0.484	0.542	0.669
IA	0.560	0.595	0.479	0.104	0.100	0.559
TA	0.181	0.175	0.117	0.107	0.494	0.511	0.526
JS	0.339	0.198	0.188	0.161	0.598	0.301	0.348	0.516
TI	0.446	0.608	0.502	0.565	0.661	0.484	0.491	0.505	0.506
BI	0.339	0.181	0.186	0.158	0.453	0.192	0.211	0.235	0.303	0.356

Source: Author’s estimation based on survey data.

Table 4. Path coefficients and hypothesis testing

Hypothesis	Path	Standardized Coefficients	t-statistics	Decision
H1	RA→ BI	0.182	2.648*	Supported
H2	CP→ BI	0.426	6.747*	Supported
H3	CX→ BI	−0.431	−6.835*	Supported
H4	VIS→ BI	0.398	6.211*	Supported
H5	BI→ IR	0.230	3.390*	Supported
H6	BI→ IA	0.438	6.970*	Supported
H7	BI→ TA	0.459	7.391*	Supported
H8	BI→ JS	−0.485	−7.941*	Supported
H9	BI→ TI	−0.057	−0.811	Not Supported

Note: * denotes that a correlation is significant at the 5% levels of significance.

Figure 2. Structural model.

Note: * denotes that a correlation is significant at the 5% levels of significance.

Table 5. Fit indices of the hypothesized model

Fit statistic	Suggested	Obtained
Chi-square		190.05
Chi-square significance	p< or = 0.05	0.01
GFI	>0.90	0.92
NFI	>0.90	0.95
CFI	>0.90	0.91
RMSEA	<0.05	0.03

Source: Author’s estimation based on survey data.