Determinants of online shopping among tertiary students in Ghana: An extended technology acceptance model

Figures & data

Figure A1. Internet Users in the World by Regions

Figure A2. Ghana’s Digital Statistical Indicators

Figure A3. Conceptual Framework

Figure A4. Structural and Measurement Model

Table A1. Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents

Sex	Frequency	Per cent
Male	243	51.4
Female	230	48.6
Total	473	100.0
Age
Below 20 years	88	18.6
20–25 years	337	71.2
26–30 years	36	7.6
Above 30 years	12	2.5
Total	473	100.0

Source: field survey, 2018

Table A2. Reliability tests

	Cronbach’s Alpha	rho_A	Composite Reliability	Average Variance Extracted (AVE)
Actual Use	0.838	0.844	0.885	0.608
Perceived Cost	0.913	0.914	0.935	0.743
Perceived EOU	0.900	0.901	0.926	0.715
Perceived Risk	0.822	0.833	0.875	0.584
Perceived Usefulness	0.889	0.892	0.919	0.694
Purchase Intention	0.872	0.887	0.907	0.661

Table A3. Cross loadings

	Actual Use	Perceived Cost	Perceived EOU	Perceived Risk	Perceived Usefulness	Purchase Intention
AU1	0.754	0.486	0.565	0.217	0.412	0.417
AU2	0.833	0.553	0.587	0.268	0.536	0.461
AU3	0.819	0.590	0.597	0.258	0.521	0.495
AU4	0.711	0.505	0.432	0.443	0.383	0.441
AU5	0.775	0.622	0.594	0.422	0.481	0.541
PC1	0.571	0.838	0.536	0.334	0.526	0.428
PC2	0.639	0.864	0.611	0.364	0.504	0.508
PC3	0.600	0.897	0.580	0.353	0.516	0.465
PC4	0.616	0.890	0.608	0.409	0.514	0.506
PC5	0.631	0.818	0.583	0.375	0.486	0.471
PEoU1	0.540	0.535	0.842	0.384	0.576	0.581
PEoU2	0.602	0.588	0.856	0.381	0.622	0.599
PEoU3	0.599	0.573	0.864	0.381	0.575	0.591
PEoU4	0.625	0.582	0.850	0.333	0.553	0.518
PEoU5	0.660	0.590	0.815	0.330	0.568	0.537
PINT1	0.391	0.361	0.414	0.423	0.388	0.755
PINT2	0.380	0.363	0.413	0.436	0.368	0.736
PINT3	0.553	0.496	0.599	0.416	0.536	0.878
PINT4	0.555	0.517	0.625	0.422	0.580	0.845
PINT5	0.548	0.480	0.617	0.437	0.534	0.842
PR1	0.271	0.290	0.306	0.745	0.297	0.348
PR2	0.262	0.263	0.284	0.738	0.258	0.334
PR3	0.337	0.398	0.369	0.815	0.356	0.459
PR4	0.353	0.320	0.334	0.733	0.296	0.363
PR5	0.333	0.338	0.334	0.786	0.299	0.455
PU1	0.490	0.507	0.540	0.296	0.804	0.452
PU2	0.487	0.483	0.543	0.329	0.832	0.485
PU3	0.550	0.520	0.607	0.380	0.891	0.573
PU4	0.498	0.475	0.603	0.324	0.833	0.504
PU5	0.483	0.474	0.557	0.319	0.802	0.488

Table A4. Fornell–Larcker test of discriminant validity

	Actual Use	Perceived Cost	Perceived EOU	Perceived Risk	Perceived Usefulness	Purchase Intention
Actual Use	0.780
Perceived Cost	0.711**	0.862
Perceived EOU	0.716**	0.679**	0.845
Perceived Risk	0.410**	0.427**	0.428**	0.764
Perceived Usefulness	0.603**	0.590**	0.685**	0.397**	0.833
Purchase Intention	0.607**	0.553**	0.669**	0.521**	0.602**	0.813

Numbers in bold are square root of AVE, non-bold numbers are the correlations among the constructs

** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table A5. Heterotrait–Monotrait ratio (HTMT)

	Actual Use	Perceived Cost	Perceived EOU	Perceived Risk	Perceived Usefulness	Purchase Intention
Actual Use
Perceived Cost	0.808
Perceived EOU	0.820	0.747
Perceived Risk	0.494	0.485	0.494
Perceived Usefulness	0.694	0.656	0.765	0.460
Purchase Intention	0.696	0.610	0.740	0.611	0.670

Table A6. Collinearity statistic (VIF)

	Actual Use	Purchase Intention
Perceived Cost	2.036	2.024
Perceived EOU	2.757	2.454
Perceived Risk	1.428	1.295
Perceived Usefulness	2.114	2.022
Purchase Intention	2.184

Table A7. Path coefficients

Hypothesis	Path Coefficient (O)	Standard Deviation (STDEV)	T Statistics (|O/STDEV|)	P Values	Decision on Hypothesis
Perceived Usefulness -> Purchase Intention   (H1)	0.206	0.061	3.349	0.001	Rejected
Perceived Usefulness -> Actual Use       (H2)	0.084	0.045	1.857	0.063	Not Rejected
Perceived EOU -> Purchase Intention   (H3)	0.372	0.059	6.278	0.000	Rejected
Perceived EOU -> Actual Use       (H4)	0.310	0.058	5.329	0.000	Rejected
Perceived Risk -> Purchase Intention   (H5)	0.247	0.045	5.449	0.000	Rejected
Perceived Risk -> Actual Use       (H6)	0.017	0.040	0.433	0.665	Not Rejected
Perceived Cost -> Purchase Intention   (H7)	0.074	0.054	1.364	0.173	Not rejected
Perceived Cost -> Actual Use       (H8)	0.368	0.050	7.315	0.000	Rejected
Purchase Intention -> Actual Use       (H9)	0.136	0.062	2.207	0.027	Rejected
Perceived EOU -> Perceived Usefulness  (H10)	0.685	0.028	24.172	0.000	Rejected

Table A8. Adjusted R-square

	Coefficient (O)	Standard Deviation (STDEV)	T Statistics (|O/STDEV|)	P Values
Actual Use	0.621	0.033	18.682	0.000
Purchase Intention	0.538	0.045	12.056	0.000

Table A9. F-square

	Effect size (f^2)
Perceived Cost -> Actual Use	0.177***
Perceived Cost -> Purchase Intention	0.006*
Perceived EOU -> Actual Use	0.093**
Perceived EOU -> Purchase Intention	0.123**
Perceived Risk -> Actual Use	0.001*
Perceived Risk -> Purchase Intention	0.103**
Perceived Usefulness -> Actual Use	0.009*
Perceived Usefulness -> Purchase Intention	0.046**
Purchase Intention -> Actual Use	0.023**

Table A10. Construct cross-validated redundancy

	SSO	SSE	Q^2 (= 1-SSE/SSO)
Actual Use	2,349.000	1,525.731	0.350
Perceived Cost	2,341.000	2,341.000
Perceived EOU	2,365.000	2,365.000
Perceived Risk	2,361.000	2,361.000
Perceived Usefulness	2,364.000	1,640.154	0.306
Purchase Intention	2,365.000	1,579.578	0.332