Having a whale of a time: Linking self-determination theory (SDT), job characteristics model (JCM) and motivation to the joy of gig work

Figures & data

Figure 1. Theoretical framework.

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of gig workers

	Frequency	%
Age
25–30	90	36
31–35	75	30
36–40	45	18
41–45	32	12.8
45 and above	8	3.2
Experience
1–2 years	68	27.2
3–5 years	139	55.6
5 years and above	43	17.2

Table 2. Convergent validity

	Cronbach’s Alpha	CR	AVE
EM	0.930	0.940	0.566
IM	0.857	0.893	0.581
JCS	0.865	0.894	0.516
JOGW	0.784	0.850	0.535
SDT	0.911	0.925	0.508

Figure 2. Measurement model for joy of gig work.

Table 3. Discriminant validity—heterotrait—monotrait ratio (HTMT)

Variables	EM	IM	JCF	JOW	SD
EM
IM	0.203
JCS	0.534	0.169
JOGW	0.520	0.422	0.490
SDT	0.551	0.285	0.440	0.544

Table 4. Direct effects of predictors of the joy of gig work

		Beta	S.D	t- values	p-values	Decision
H1	SDT -> JOGW	0.243	0.067	3.675	0.001	Accepted
H2	JCS -> JOGW	0.293	0.051	5.623	0.000	Accepted
H3a	SDT -> EM	0.380	0.065	5.902	0.000	Accepted
H3b	SDT -> IM	0.373	0.058	5.979	0.000	Accepted
H4a	JCS -> EM	0.351	0.062	5.499	0.000	Accepted
H4b	JCS -> IM	−0.275	0.049	5.880	0.000	Accepted
H5a	EM -> JOGW	0.132	0.060	2.344	0.038	Accepted
H5b	IM -> JOGW	0.332	0.064	6.076	0.000	Accepted

Figure 3. Structural model for joy of gig work.

Table 5. Indirect effects of predictors of the joy of gig work

	Path Relation	Beta	S.D	t-values	p-values	Decision
H6a	SDT -> EM -> JOGW	0.050	0.023	2.227	0.026	Accepted
H6b	SDT -> IM -> JOGW	0.124	0.034	3.679	0.000	Accepted
H7a	JCS -> EM -> JOGW	0.047	0.022	2.101	0.036	Accepted
H7b	JCS -> IM -> JOGW	−0.091	0.020	4.580	0.000	Accepted

Table 6. Mediation analysis—variance accounted for (VAF)

Path Relation	VAF	Mediation Type	Lower Limit	Upper Limit
SDT -> EM -> JOGW	20%	Partial Mediation	0.004	0.093
SDT -> IM -> JOGW	51%	Partial Mediation	0.065	0.195
JCS -> EM -> JOGW	23%	Partial Mediation	0.008	0.093
JCS -> IM -> JOGW	31%	Partial Mediation	−0.131	−0.054