Roles of religiosity in enhancing life satisfaction, ethical judgements and consumer loyalty

Figures & data

Figure 1. Research model

Table 1. Measurement construct

Code	Construct		Notes
IR	Intrinsic religiosity adapted from (Worthington et al., 2003)	Focus group interviews
IR1	“Religion is especially important to me because it answers many questions about the meaning of life.”	Religion is important to identify many meaningful of life	Major adjustment
IR2	“It is important to me to spend periods of time in private religious thought and reflection.”	Private pray is the most important in religion	Major adjustment
IR3	“My religious beliefs lie behind my whole approach to life.”	Religion will express my belief though whole approach to life	Major adjustment
IR4	“Religious beliefs influence all my dealings in life.”	Religion affects almost all dealings in my life	Minor adjustment
IR5		I love reading books, Holy Bible, magazines that are related to my religion	New development
IR6		I love explaining to other friends that on my religion	New development
ER	Extrinsic religiosity adapted from (Worthington et al., 2003)	Focus group interviews
ER1	“I enjoy working in the activities of my religious organization.”	I love enjoying local groups at my nearby parish	Minor adjustment
ER2	“I make financial contributions to my religious organization.”	I contribute money or financial supports to my local group in my parish	Minor adjustment
ER3	“I enjoy spending time with others of my religious affiliation.”	I am spending time with my local group	Minor adjustment
ER4	“I keep well informed about my local religious group and have some influence in its decisions.”	I have received almost information about my group activities	Minor adjustment
EJ	Ethical judgements adapted from (Reidenbach & Robin, 1990; Swimberghe et al., 2011)	Focus group interviews
EJ1	“The actions by corporate management of store X are culturally acceptable/culturally unacceptable”	The actions of the management store are culturally acceptable	Minor adjustment
EJ2	“The actions by corporate management of store X are traditionally acceptable/traditionally unacceptable”	The actions of the management store are traditionally acceptable	Minor adjustment
EJ3	“The actions by corporate management of store X are acceptable to my family/unacceptable to my family”	The actions of the management store are acceptable by my family	Minor adjustment
EJ4	“The actions by corporate management of store X are individually acceptable/individually unacceptable”	The actions of the management store are acceptable by myself	Minor adjustment
EJ5	“The actions by corporate management of store X are fair/unfair”	The actions of the management store are fair	Minor adjustment
EJ6	“The actions by corporate management of store X are morally right/not morally right”	The actions of the management store are right	Minor adjustment
EJ7	Just	The actions of the management store are just	Major adjustment
LS	Life satisfaction adapted from (Habib et al., 2018; Diener et al., 1985).	Focus group interviews
LS1	“In most ways my life is close to my ideal.”	For the most part, my life is close to my ideal.	Minor adjustment
LS2	“The conditions of my life are excellent.”	My circumstances are ideal.	Minor adjustment
LS3	“I am satisfied with my life.”	“I am satisfied with my life.”	No change
LS4	“So far I have gotten the important things I want in life.”	So far, I have obtained the most significant things in life.	Minor adjustment
LS5	“If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing.”	“If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing.”	No change
BLI	Behavioral loyalty intention adapted from (Wong & Sohal, 2006)	Focus group interviews
BLI1	“I say positive things about retail store XYZ to other people”	Say positive things about this store to other people	Minor adjustment
BLI2	“I recommend retail store XYZ to someone who seeks my advice”	Recommend this store to someone who seeks advice	Minor adjustment
BLI3	“I encourage friends and relatives to shop at retail store XYZ”	Encourage friends and others to do business with this store	Minor adjustment
BLI4	“I consider retail store XYZ my first choice in the next few years”	Consider this store to be your first choice for future transactions	Minor adjustment
BLI5		Do more business with this store in the coming months	New development

Table 2. Reliability and convergent validity

Variables	Factor loading	Cronbach’s Alpha	CR	AVE
Thresholds		≥ 0.6	≥ 0.7	≥ 0.5
Behavioral loyalty intention (BLI)		0.875	0.876	0.587
BLI1	0.719
BLI2	0.726
BLI3	0.690
BLI4	0.831
BLI5	0.848
Ethical judgements (EJ)		0.854	0.856	0.543
EJ1	0.759
EJ2	0.730
EJ3	0.775
EJ4	0.722
EJ6	0.664
Extrinsic religiosity (ER)		0.846	0.847	0.580
ER1	0.739
ER2	0.812
ER3	0.778
ER4	0.704
Intrinsic religiosity (IR)		0.863	0.829	0.494
IR1	0.717
IR2	0.819
IR3	0.729
IR4	0.717
IR5	0.607
IR6	0.681
Life satisfaction (LS)		0.814	0.816	0.526
LS2	0.708
LS3	0.716
LS4	0.770
LS5	0.723

Table 3. CFA and SEM model fit indices

Model fit indices	Thresholds	CFA	SEM
CMIN/df	≤ 2**, ≤ 3*	1.337	1.392
GFI	≥ 0.9**, ≥ 0.8*	0.938	0.934
AGFI	≥ 0.8*	0.923	0.919
CFI	≥ 0.9**	0.979	0.976
IFI	≥ 0.9*	0.980	0.976
RMSEA	≤ 0.05**, ≤ 0.08*	0.030	0.032

**excellent; *acceptable.

Table 4. Hypothesis testing

Hypothesis	Estimates	P-value	Result
H1. IR→EJ	0.349	***	Accepted (except H2, H7, H8)
H2. ER→EJ	−0.037	ns
H3. IR→LS	0.195	***
H4. ER→LS	0.246	***
H5. EJ→BLI	0.270	***
H6. LS→BLI	0.229	***
H7. IR→BLI	0.068	ns
H8. ER→BLI	−0.114	ns

***p < 0.001; ns: non significant.

Figure 2. Hypothesis testing results (***p < 0.001)

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