Linking academic self-initiated expatriate’s cultural intelligence to specific job outcomes: The enabling role of psychological capital

Figures & data

Figure 1. Research model.

Table 1. Correlation matrix of the exogenous latent constructs

No	Latent	1	2	3
1			1
2	Psychological capital	.472
3	Cultural Intelligence	.338	.613	1

Table 2. Results of descriptive statistics of the study variables

Variables	N	Mean	Minimum	Maximum	Standard Deviation
Psychological Capital (PS)	246	4.689	3.67	5.71	.42129
Cultural Intelligence (CQ)	246	5.417	3.80	7.00	. 76,148
Intention to Remain (ITR)	246	2.660	1.50	4.00	. 50,923
Work Performance (WP)	246	6.033	5.00	7.00	.52794
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)	246	3.649	2.64	4.57	41,025

Figure 2. Measurement model.

Table 3. Result of convergent validity

Constructs	Items	Loadings	Composite Reliability	Average Variance Extracted (AVE)
Metacognitive	CQ1	0.606	0.899	0.696
	CQ2	0.909
	CQ3	0.906
	CQ4	0.877
Motivational	CQ11	0.785	0.879	0.593
	CQ12	0.779
	CQ13	0.707
	CQ14	0.778
	CQ15	0.799
Behavioural	CQ16	0.795	0.942	0.766
	CQ17	0.887
	CQ18	0.877
	CQ19	0.912
	CQ20	0.901
Cognitive	CQ5	0.777	0.939	0.721
	CQ6	0.822
	CQ7	0.83
	CQ8	0.884
	CQ9	0.907
	CQ10	0.87
Intention to Remain	ITR1	0.811	0.82	0.604
	ITR2	0.8
	ITR3	0.718
Organizational Citizenship Behavior	OCB11	0.826	0.848	0.531
	OCB12	0.659
	OCB14	0.809
	OCB6	0.648
	OCB9	0.68
Hope	PS7	0.577	0.903	0.613
	PS8	0.778
	PS9	0.705
	PS10	0.883
	PS11	0.853
	PS12	0.857
Resilience	PS14	0.792	0.774	0.536
	PS15	0.624
	PS18	0.77
Optimism	PS19	0.715	0.803	0.51
	PS20	0.547
	PS21	0.766
	PS22	0.803
Self-efficacy	PS1	0.731	0.874	0.539
	PS2	0.714
	PS3	0.758
	PS4	0.812
	PS5	0.766
	PS6	0.606
Work Performance	WP1	0.786	0.858	0.603
	WP2	0.805
	WP3	0.749
	WP4	0.764

Table 4. Result of discriminant validity (HTMT)

		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1	Behavioural
2	Cognitive	0.494
3	Hope	0.559	0.445
4	Intention to Remain	0.272	0.213	0.308
5	Metacognitive	0.394	0.604	0.505	0.233
6	Motivational	0.405	0.669	0.521	0.175	0.676
7	Optimism	0.410	0.265	0.607	0.273	0.460	0.616
8	Organizational Citizenship Behavior	0.672	0.287	0.646	0.292	0.367	0.396	0.397
9	Resilience	0.766	0.363	0.620	0.447	0.435	0.582	0.782	0.807
10	Self-efficacy	0.267	0.366	0.478	0.337	0.480	0.432	0.438	0.245	0.638
11	Work Performance	0.323	0.340	0.461	0.146	0.389	0.500	0.285	0.524	0.538	0.626

Table 5. Result of the hypothesis assessment

Relationships	Std. Beta				Confidence Intervals
		Std. Error	t- values	p-values	5%	95%	Inner VIF	R2	F2	Q2	Decision
CQ-> ITR	−0.141	0.071	1.975	0.024	−0.250	−0.014	1.619	0.101	0.014	0.066	Supported
CQ-> OCB	0.291	0.056	5.196	0.000	0.202	0.380	1.619	0.332	0.102	0.320	Supported
CQ -> WP	0.215	0.066	3.249	0.001	0.109	0.330	1.619	0.264	0.078	0.238	Supported
CQ*PS>ITR -	0.023	0.071	0.327	0.372	0-.113	0.119	1.619		0.112		Not Supported
CQ*PS>OCB	−0.112	0.062	1.822	0.034	−0.216	−0.017	1.619		0.039		Not Supported
CQ*PS>WP	0.165	0.047	3.478	0.000	0.079	0.238	1.619		0.104		Supported

Table 5. Demographic profile of respondents

Demography	Description	No of Responses	Percentage
Gender	Male	210	85.4
	Female	36	14.6
Age	< 30	5	2.0
	30–39	92	37.4
	40–49	103	41.9
	50–59	19	7.7
	>59	27	11.0
Highest Education	Degree	2	0.8
	Master	21	8.5
	Ph.D./DBA	222	90.5
	Others	1	0.4
Marital Status	Single	23	9.3
	Married	222	90.2
	Divorced	1	0.4
Continent of Origin	Asia	159	64.6
	Europe	8	3.3
	Africa	77	31.3
	Australia	2	0.8
Position	Adjunct Professor	1	0.4
	Professor	10	4.1
	Associate Professor	46	18.7
	Senior Lecturer	170	69.1
	Others	19	7.7
Prior Overseas Experience	Yes	182	74.0
	No	64	26.0
Tenure of Overseas Experience	0 year	58	23.6
	1 – 5 years	62	25.2
	6 – 10 years	85	34.6
	11 – 15 years	11	4.5
	16 – 20 years	10	4.1
	25 – 30 years	1	4.0
	>30years	19	7.7
Accompanied by Family/Spouse	Yes	185	75.2
	No	61	24.8
Tenure in Malaysia	<1 year	5	2.0
	1– 3 years	81	32.9
	4–6 years	86	35.0
	7–9 years	22	8.9
	>9 years	52	21.1
	Poor	132	53.7
Local Language Proficiency	Fair	61	24.8
	Good	27	11.0
	Very Good	15	6.1
	Excellent	11	4.5

Table 6. Result of assessment of higher-order construct

	Std. Beta	Std. Error	t-values	p-values	LLCI	ULCI	Decision
Ciltural Intelligence -> Behavioural	0.715	0.033	21.811	0.000	0.645	0.761	significant
Ciltural Intelligence -> Cognitive	0.867	0.018	47.079	0.000	0.83	0.891	significant
Ciltural Intelligence -> Metacognitive	0.775	0.023	33.179	0.000	0.727	0.804	significant
Ciltural Intelligence -> Motivational	0.786	0.024	32.995	0.000	0.728	0.815	significant
Psychological Capital -> Hope	0.891	0.023	38.660	0.000	0.843	0.921	significant
Psychological Capital -> Optimism	0.680	0.056	12.121	0.000	0.557	0.752	significant
Psychological Capital -> Resilience	0.785	0.028	28.122	0.000	0.726	0.82	significant
Psychological Capital -> Self-efficacy	0.708	0.043	16.305	0.000	0.609	0.766	significant

Figure 3. Structural model (with moderator).

Figure 4. Structural model.

Figure 5. Interaction plot.