Board of directors’ gender diversity and intellectual capital efficiency: the role of international authorisation

Figures & data

Table 1. Description of variables

Variable	Abbreviation	Measurement	Source
Value Added Intellectual Coefficient	VAIC	HC efficiency+ SC efficiency + RC efficiency	Nadeem et al. (2017; Chowdhury, Rana & Azim, 2018).
Board Gender Diversity	GD	Female directors on the board/ total board size	Sanyaolu et al., 2021; Nadeem et al., 2017; Chijoke-Mgbame et al., 2020; Tejedo-Romero et al., 2017).
Board Size	BS	Total number of directors on the board	Nadeem et al. (2017;
Board Independence.			Sanyaolu et al, 2021;).
Bank size	BSZ	Log of total assets	El-Chaarani (2019);(Sanyaolu et al., 2021)
Return on asset	ROA	operating profit before interest /total asset	(Nadeem et al., 2017).
Age	AGE	number of years since the incorporation of banks.	(Kajola et al., 2019, Nadeem et al., 2017).

Table 2. Descriptive statistics

	VAIC	GD	BS	BI	BSZ	ROA	AGE
Mean	4.3671	0.2020	14.1000	0.6252	21.2547	0.0174	52.8636
Median	2.1646	0.2105	14.0000	0.5833	21.2958	0.0132	34.5000
Maximum	82.0755	0.40000	20.0000	0.9091	22.7631	0.0700	126.0000
Minimum	−1.9573	0.0000	9.0000	0.5000	19.2144	−0.0225	20.0000
Std. Dev.	11.0574	0.1017	2.5520	0.1088	0.7733	0.0166	32.0311
Skewness	6.4404	−0.3939	0.1541	1.3899	−0.2660	0.9515	0.9272
Kurtosis	45.0445	2.3718	2.4790	4.0917	2.7582	4.8323	2.6139
Jarque-Bera	8701.439	4.6539	1.6797	40.8804	1.5507	31.6944	16.4456
Probability	0.0000	0.0976	0.4318	0.0000	0.4606	0.0000	0.0003
Sum	471.6518	22.2154	1551.000	68.7754	2316.766	1.8930	5815.000
Sum Sq. Dev.	13,082.36	1.1267	709.9000	1.2914	64.5849	0.0297	111,833.0

Source: Authors’ computation

Table 3. Correlation analysis

	VAIC	GD	BS	BI	BSZ	ROA	AGE
VAIC	1.0000
GD	−0.2861	1.0000
BS	−0.2410	0.0720	1.0000
BI	0.3805	−0.2488	−0.5974	1.0000
LASSET	−0.0685	0.1186	0.1099	−0.07318	1.0000
ROA	0.0388	0.1760	0.0710	−0.2833	0.4426	1.0000
AGE	−0.1341	0.1633	0.0788	0.3739	0.0439	−0.3180	1.0000

Source: Authors’ computation

Table 4. Regression Analysis

	Pooled OLS Estimation			Fixed Effect			Random Effect
Regressors	Coeff	t-stat	P-Val	Coeff	t-stat	p-val	Coeff	t-stat	p-val
C	−7.4564	−0.2350	0.8147	−183.9408	−1.7129	0.0902	−7.3993	−0.2223	0.8245
BGD	−13.6484	−1.2965	0.1978	−24.0316	−1.5724	0.1194	−14.0999	−1.3060	0.1945
BS	0.5693	1.07924	0.2831	−0.167888	−0.2088	0.8350	0.5268	0.9745	0.3322
BI	57.5927	4.16363	0.0001	36.30057	1.9760	0.0512	55.736	3.9349	0.0002
LASSET	−1.2290	−0.8698	0.3865	11.71521	1.6385	0.1048	−1.1555	−0.7807	0.4368
ROA	107.2707	1.5272	0.1299	219.4390	1.7606	0.0817	110.3583	1.5041	0.1357
AGE	−0.0976	−2.5057	0.0138	−1.527842	−1.6518	0.1021	−0.0943	−2.2892	0.0242
R-square	0.2723				0.3593			0.2505
Adj.R-square	0.2286				0.2454			0.2055
F-stat	6.2365				3.1545			5.5708
Prob F-stat	0.0000				0.0003			0.0001
Durbin Watson	2.4322		2.1589		2.8147			2.4527
Hausman Test	7.1339	6	0.3086

Source: Authors’ computation

Table 5. Regression Analysis for the moderating effect of international authorisation

	Pooled OLS Estimation			Fixed Effect			Random Effect
Regressors	Coeff	t-stat	P-Val	Coeff	t-stat	p-val	Coeff	t-stat	p-val
C	−3.0843	−0.0863	0.9314	−207.2811	−1.6307	0.1068	−2.6408	−0.0719	0.9428
GD	3.1872	0.1720	0.8638	−8.1951	−0.4176	0.6773	2.9906	0.1645	0.8697
GD(INT)	−20.5729	−1.1790	0.2415	−27.8212	−1.5030	0.1367	−21.0868	−1.2301	0.2218
BS	0.4973	0.8614	0.3913	−0.7610	−0.8651	0.3895	0.4382	0.7534	0.4531
BI	58.9525	3.9313	0.0002	24.5352	1.2024	0.2327	56.8818	3.7661	0.0003
LASSET	−1.4142	−0.8715	0.3858	13.9372	1.6875	0.0954	−1.3380	−0.8034	0.4238
ROA	118.6986	1.5481	0.1251	214.2400	1.6210	0.1089	120.9133	1.5453	0.1257
AGE	−0.0894	−2.1469	0.0345	−1.6235	−1.6308	0.1068	−0.0860	−2.0033	0.0481
R-square	0.2883				0.3939		0.2697
Adj.R-square	0.2336				0.2667		0.2136
F-stat	6.2365				3.0961		4.8016
Prob F-stat	5.2667				0.0003		0.0001
Durbin Watson	0.0000		2.4818		2.8940		2.4976
Hausman Test	10.1682	7	0.1792

Source: Authors’ computation

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