Influence of contextual factors on turnover intention: examining the mediating role of civility

Figures & data

Figure 1. Theoretical Model.

Table 1. Mean, standard deviation and correlation

Variables	Mean	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. Gender	-	-
2. Marital Status	-	-	−0.16**	-
3. Age	29.69	7.16	−0.21**	0.59**	-
4. Education	15.67	1.51	0.07*	0.08*	0.12**	-
5. Tenure	5.04	5.17	−0.15**	0.43**	0.74**	−0.04	-
6. Civility	4.23	0.62	−0.06	−0.03	0.03	0.07*	−0.01	(0.85)
7. Fairness Perception	5.05	0.98	0.02	−0.02	−0.01	−0.11**	−0.06	0.30**	(0.85)
8. Managerial Support	3.86	0.73	−0.05	−0.01	0.02	−0.09**	0.01	0.32**	0.52**	(0.87)
9. Turnover Intention	2.67	1.15	−0.03	−0.13**	−0.12**	−0.05	−0.09**	−0.21**	−0.33**	−0.25**	(0.90)

Note: N = 935, Cronbach’s alphas on diagonal, bold faced in parentheses.

**Correlation significant at 0.01 level, * 0.05.

Table 2. Fit statistical indices (comparison with alternate measurement models)

Models	χ^2	df	χ^2/df	GFI	IFI	TLI	CFI	SRMR	RMSEA
4 Factor (Full Measurement Model)	393	109	3.60	0.95	0.96	0.96	0.96	0.04	0.05
*3 Factor Model	1585	116	13.67	0.80	0.82	0.79	0.82	0.08	0.11
**2 Factor Model	2830	118	23.99	0.68	0.68	0.62	0.67	0.10	0.15
***1 Factor Model	4551	119	38.25	0.60	0.48	0.39	0.47	0.20	0.20

Note: N = 935, Chi-square (χ²), Degree of freedom (df), Normed Chi-square (χ²/df), Incremental Fit Index (IFI),Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Confirmatory Fit Index (CFI), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)

*3 Factor Model (combining fairness perception with managerial support)

**2 Factor Model (combining fairness perception, managerial support and civility)

***1 Factor Model (combining turnover intention, fairness perception, managerial support and civility)

Table 3. Constructs reliability and validity matrix

	Convergent Validity				Discriminant Validity
	CR	AVE	α	MSV	1	2	3	4
1. ManagerialSupport	0.86	0.51	0.87	0.35	*(0.72)
2. Civility	0.85	0.58	0.85	0.14	0.31**	*(0.76)
3. Fairness Perception	0.85	0.60	0.85	0.35	0.52**	0.30**	*(0.77)
4. Turnover Intention	0.90	0.75	0.90	0.13	−0.25**	−0.21**	−0.32**	*(0.86)

*The square root of AVEs is on the diagonal line in bold face. MSV (maximum Shared variance).

Table 4. Results of simple mediation model 1 regressing civility as a mediator

Direct Effect Model
Predictor				Outcome = M(Civility)
						β			SE	T		P
X1(Managerial Support)				a		0.27			0.03	10.90		0.00
Constant				i1		3.19			0.10	30.54		0.00
Direct Effect Model
Predictor				Outcome = Y(Turnover Intention)
						β			SE	T		P
X1 (Managerial Support)				C’		−0.32			0.05	−6.14		0.00
M(Civility)				b		−0.28			0.06	−4.51		0.00
Constant				i2		5.07			0.28	18.44		0.00
Total Effect Model
Predictor				Outcome = Y (Turnover Intention)
						β			SE	T		P
X1 (Managerial Support)				c		−0.40			0.05	−7.90		0.00
Constant				i3		4.19			0.20	21.34		0.00
Indirect Effect and Significance using Normal Distribution
Value				SE		LL 95% CI			UL 95% CI	Z		P
Sobel−0.08				0.02		−0.11			−0.04	−4.11		0.00
Bootstrap Results for Indirect Effect
Effect				M		SE			LL 99% CI			UL 99% CI
				−0.08		0.02			−0.11			−0.04

Note: N = 935; β = Unstandardized Regression Coefficient; SE = Standard Error; Bootstrap

Sample Size = 5000; LL = Lower Limit; CI = Confidence Interval, UL = Upper Limit

Table 5. Results of simple mediation model 2 regressing civility as a mediaton

Direct Effect Model
Predictor			Outcome = M(Civility)
				β			SE	T	P
X2 (Fairness Perception)			a	0.19			0.02	9.65	0.00
Constant			i1	3.27			0.10	31.98	0.00
Direct Effect Model
Predictor			Outcome = Y(Turnover Intention)
				β			SE	t	P
X2 (Fairness Perception)			C’	−0.34			0.04	−8.98	0.00
M(Civility)			b	−0.23			0.06	−3.93	0.00
Constant			i2	5.37			0.27	20.01	0.00
Total Effect Model
Predictor			Outcome = Y (Turnover Intention)
				Β			SE	t	P
X2 (Fairness Perception)			c	−0.39			0.04	−10.57	0.00
Constant			i3	4.61			0.19	24.67	0.00
Indirect Effect and Significance using Normal Distribution
Value			SE	LL 95% CI			UL 95% CI	z	P
Sobel−0.05			0.01	−0.07			−0.02	−3.62	0.00
Bootstrap Results for Indirect Effect
Effect			M	SE			LL 99% CI	UL 99% CI
			−0.05	0.01			−0.07	−0.02