CEO narcissism, corporate governance, financial distress, and company size on corporate tax avoidance

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual framework of research.

Table

r =	Correlation value
X =	Variable X
Y =	Variable Y

Table 1. Variable descriptions

Name	Notes
i	= Cross section data companies
t	= Time series data companies
CN	= CEO Narcissism
BoZ	= Board of Size
FD	= Female Directors
FcD	= Financial Distress
CZ	= Company Size
CTA	= Corporate Tax Avoidance
α	= Constant
β1, β2, β3, β4, β5	= Variable regression coefficients CTA, CN, BoZ, FcD, CZ
є	= Error

Table 2. Descriptive statistic

Variable	Obsv	Average	Std-Dev.	Minimum	Maximum	p1	p99	Skew.	Kurt.
CTA	145	.480	1.714	0	19.623	.013	4.125	9.921	109.311
CN	145	3.572	.714	2	5	2	4	−1.346	3.279
BoZ	145	5.959	2.048	3	12	3	10	.402	2.671
FD	145	.124	.179	0	.667	0	.667	1.788	5.469
FcD	145	2.257	2.759	.143	16.079	.155	15.308	2.460	10.502
CZ	145	31.819	1.468	29.181	35.084	29.258	35.056	.745	2.613

Table 3. The Pearson correlation test

Variable	-1	-2	-3	-4	-5	-6
(1) CTA	1
(2) CN	−0.172	1
	-0.039
(3) BoZ	−0.044	−0.045	1
	-0.601	-0.588
(4) FD	0.228	0.066	−0.260	1
	-0.006	-0.431	-0.002
(5) FcD	−0.065	−0.111	0.288	−0.022	1
	-0.439	-0.186	-0.001	-0.791
(6) CZ	−0.186	−0.216	0.681	−0.140	0.56	1
	-0.025	-0.009	0	-0.092	0
(1) CTA	1
(2) CN	−0.172*	1
(3) BoZ	−0.044	−0.045	1
(4) FD	0.228*	0.066	−0.260*	1
(5) FcD	−0.065*	−0.111*	0.288*	−0.022	1
(6) CZ	−0.186*	−0.216*	0.681*	−0.140*	0.560*	1

* p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01

Table 4. Goodness of fit test

	Models
Variable	OLS	Fixed Effect	Random Effect
CN	−.635***	−.535***	−.635***
	(.192)	(.199)	(.192)
	0.001	0.008	0.001
BoZ	.250***	.234***	.250***
	(.093)	(.093)	(.092)
	0.008	0.013	0.007
FD	2.499***	2.565	2.499***
	(.770)	(.773)	(.770)
	0.001	0.001	0.001
FcD	.050	.045	.050
	(.059)	(0.589)	(.059)
	0.391	0.449	0.389
CZ	−.533***	−.489***	−.533***
	(.148)	(.151)	(.148)
	0.000	0.001	0.000
Constant	17.778	16.034	17.778
	(4.522)	(4.622)	(4.522)
Observations	145	145	145
R-squared	0.1713	0.154	0.153
Amount of Years		5	5
Country Fixed Effect		Yes
Country Random Effect			Yes

Stand. err. in parentheses * p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01

Data Availability Statement

The study did not involve any data sets, and the articles collected were sourced from https://www.scopus.com/ home.url, accessed in 2023 and https://scholar.google.com/, accessed in 2023.