Factors affecting human resource agility: A literature review and future research directions

Figures & data

Table 1. Data sources

#	URLs	Database
1	www.scholar.google.com/	Google Scholar
2	www.elsevier.com/en-xs	Elsevier
3	www.link.springer.com/	Springer Link
4	www.sciencedirect.com/	Science Direct
5	www.tandfonline.com/	Taylor & Francis online
6	www.emerald.com/insight/	Emerald Insight
7	www.wiley.com/en-gb	Willey
8	www.journals.sagepub.com/	SAGE

Figure 1. The procedure for reviewing articles.

Figure 2. The constructs of agility of human resources.

Table 2. List of Literature on HR Agility

Author/Year	Definition of HR Agility	Summary
Das et al. (2022)	“It is the quick adaptability of employees of a firm to changes in technologies, customer demands, and the ability of the firm to cope with turbulent environments with efficiency.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 225 *Scale= 39 Items. *R= 0.95, 0.95, 0.92 *MF= Supported *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Saeed et al. (2022)	“Is the ability to respond quickly and proactively to both anticipated and unforeseen events in a company’s environment.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 236 *Scale= 26 Items. *R= 0.82 *MF= Supported *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Jameel and Mhaibes (2022)	“The individual’s ability to maximize the value of the organization by constantly exploiting his energies and skills to respond to unexpected and changing opportunities for the customer.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 276 *Scale= 18 Items. *R= 0.958 *MS= Aladwan (2017).
Thani et al. (2022)	“HRA is the ability of employees for responding strategically to uncertainty.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 214 *Scale= 26 Items. *R= 0.94 *MF= Supported *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Wei et al. (2020)	“Refers to the ability to react to and adapt changes appropriately and promptly and allows employees to capitalize changes and turn them into opportunities for development.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 263 *Scale= 35 Items. *R= 0.82 *MF= Supported *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Storme et al. (2020)	“Refers to the ability to adapt in environments that change very quickly and unpredictably.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 808 *Scale= 19 Items. *R= 0.86 *MF= Supported *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Varshney and Varshney (2020)	“Stems from employees’ adaptability, their ability to react quickly, and their readiness to rise to the challenge of new demands.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 256 *Scale= 47 Items. *R= 0.82 *MS= Dyer and Shafer (2003), Griffin and Hesketh (2003).
Putri and Mangundjaya (2020).	“The ability of employees to be more open to new things and innovative in seeking new ideas as well as the ability to adapt and respond to changes.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 138 *Scale= 15 Items. *R= 0.813 *MF= Supported *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Müceldili et al. (2020)	“The ability of an employee to react and adapt to changes in the workplace in such a way that they, and the firm, can profit from them.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 210 *Scale= 25 Items. *R= 0.72, 0.82, 0.82 *MF= Supported *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Vliet et al. (2019)	“The ability to adjust to new or different conditions caused by varying demands of technological and organizational changes by altering one’s acts, behavior, attitude, and mental state toward changes initiated internally or externally.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability” *N= 138 *Scale= 31 Items. *R= 0.87 *MS=Alavi et al. (2014).
Muafi and Uyun (2019)	“The ability to lead effectively during times of rapid change, uncertainty, and mounting complexity and when success requires consideration of multiple views and priorities.”	*N= 170 *Scale= 5 Items. *R= 0.866 *MF= Supported *MS= Joiner and Josephs (2007).
Pitafi et al. (2019)	“The individual’s capability to react and adapt quickly to unexpected environmental changes and benefit the organization through these changes.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 167 *Scale= 22 Items. *R= 0.94, 0.85, 0.90 *MF= Supported *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Pitafi et al. (2018)	“The ability of an employee to rapidly and appropriately respond to unexpected changes and leverage those changes as opportunities.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 161 *Scale= 12 Items. *R= 0.830, 0.870, 0.840 *MF= Supported *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Cai et al. (2018)	“It refers to the ability of an employee to react and adapt to changes promptly and appropriately and take advantage of changes to benefit his/her firm.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 167 *Scale= 15 Items. *R= 0.760, 0.815, 0.725 *MF= Supported *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Alavi (2016)	“The workforce is able to react and adapt to changes appropriately and in a timely manner in addition the workforce has the capability to take advantage of changes and turn them into benefits for the firm.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 161 *Scale= 26 Items. *R= 0.95, 0.93, 0.91 *MF= Supported *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Sherehiy and Karwowski (2014)	“The ability to deal with uncertainty and will be expected to provide a fast response to unexpected events.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 176 *Scale= 29 Items. *R= 0.854, 0.867, 0.711 *MF= Supported *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Sohrabi et al. (2014).	“The ability to rapidly respond and flexibility cope with the unexpected internal and external environmental changes.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 144 *R= 0.877 *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Alavi et al. (2014)	“The workforce is able to react and adapt to changes appropriately and in a timely manner in addition The workforce has the capability to take advantage of changes and turn them into benefits for the firm.”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 161 *Scale= 25 Items. *R= 0.95, 0.93, 0.91 *MF= Supported *MS= Sherehiy (2008).
Al-Faouri et al. (2014)	“The employees’ ability to troubleshoot problems day-to-day, to respond strategically to uncertainty, business need changes because of the diverse business, and technical knowledge they have in all areas of their business”	*D= “Proactivity, Adaptability, Resiliency” *N= 430 *Scale= 13 Items. *R= 0.732, 0.828, 0.716 *MS= Griffin and Hesketh (2003), Sherehiy et al. (2007).

Note: *D= domains; *N= sample size; *R= reliability analysis; *MF= model fit; *MS= main source

Figure 3. Factors affecting human resource agility.

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